30 Nov 2023 : Indian Express
Indian Express
30-November-2023
1) Stepping up, together
Context:
- Following India’s one-year tenure as G20 president, attention turns to evaluation of the obstacles encountered and the revolutionary agenda pursued.
- The world has seen several changes during this time, including the COVID-19 pandemic’s aftermath, climate change risks, unstable financial markets, and mounting debt.
- India sought to provide a different strategy by focusing on human improvement rather than GDP growth.
Principles Guiding India’s Approach:
- India’s approach as the president of the G20 was characterized by four key principles:
- inclusivity,
- ambition,
- action orientation, and
- The fact that the G20 members all agreed to the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration at one point shows how committed India is to implementing these ideals.
Inclusivity at the Core:
- India’s presidency has placed a strong emphasis on inclusivity, as seen by the African Union’s admission as a G20 permanent member.
- By integrating 55 African countries, the G20 was able to cover 80% of the world’s population.
- Projects such as the ‘Voice of the Global South Summit’ demonstrated India’s dedication to promoting an extensive discourse on worldwide issues.
People’s Presidency and Domestic Approach:
- India transformed its internal strategy into one of inclusivity, establishing a “People’s Presidency.”
- India made sure that 1.4 billion people participated in “Jan Bhagidari” festivities.
- More importantly, focus was placed on more general developmental goals, in line with the G20’s mandate.
Action Plan for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
- India presented the G20 2023 Action Plan to Accelerate Progress on the SDGs at the halfway point of the 2030 agenda.
- The plan approaches interrelated problems like health, education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability with an action-oriented mindset.
Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and Global Collaboration:
- India was instrumental in advocating for a strong Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI).
- With more than fifty DPIs from sixteen different countries, the completion of the Digital Public Infrastructure Repository represents a major milestone in international technology cooperation with the goal of enabling inclusive growth.
Ambitious Green Development Pact:
- In order to solve the issues of striking a balance between eradicating hunger and safeguarding the environment, India introduced the Green Development Pact.
- The Global Biofuels Alliance, Green Hydrogen, and an ambitious tripling of the world’s renewable energy capacity by 2030 are all called for in the G20 Declaration.
Commitment to Climate Justice and Equity:
- The Declaration highlights India’s dedication to climate justice and equity and calls on the Global North to provide significant financial and technological support.
- The G20 recognizes that $5.9 trillion will be needed for poor nations to meet their Nationally Determined Contributions by 2030, indicating the dramatic increase in development funding that is necessary.
Gender Equality and Empowerment:
- With the Declaration’s emphasis on gender equality, a special Working Group on the Empowerment of Women was established.
- The Women’s Reservation Bill 2023 in India is a testament to the country’s dedication to women-led development, as it reserves one-third of the seats in state and parliamentary legislative assemblies for women.
Conclusion
- India is certain that its combined efforts for people, planet, peace, and prosperity would have a lasting impact as it turns over the G20 leadership to Brazil.
- The presidency is praised for reviving multilateralism, elevating the worldwide South’s voice, promoting development, and pushing for women’s empowerment on a worldwide scale.
2) Not another COP-out
Context:
- The backdrop of the 28th Conference of Parties (COP28), which brings together world leaders in Dubai, illustrates the challenges of combating climate change in a region that is mostly dependent on fossil resources.
- Forecasts suggest that the United Arab Emirates will continue to rely on gas and oil despite recent attempts to switch to sustainable energy.
- The meeting is being held in the context of an extraordinary lawsuit before the European Court of Human Rights, filed by young people from Portugal who claim their right to life has been violated by 32 countries’ insufficient response to climate change.
Energy Dependency and Climate Ironies:
- Dubai’s reliance on oil and natural gas to generate electricity raises concerns about the region’s sustainability.
- Fossil fuels continue to dominate in spite of efforts to change.
- The irony of tackling climate change in an area that is crucial to the world’s energy system is evident, particularly in light of predictions that the region would continue to rely heavily on gas and oil in the years to come.
Clamor for Climate Action:
- With a growing demand for economic growth worldwide, there is a greater need than ever to take action on climate change.
- The complex concept of “common but differentiated responsibilities” draws attention to the difficulties in working together.
- The more agreement there is on the scope of the action to be taken, the more complicated the climate change response appears to be.
Legal Challenge and Global Consequences:
- Climate justice has taken on a new dimension with the youth-led lawsuit before the European Court of Human Rights, wherein they argue that their childhoods were destroyed by insufficient answers to climate change.
- Should this legal action be successful, it might have a profound impact on climate justice globally, highlighting the need of responsibility and compliance with global accords such as the Paris Agreement.
Deficits and Challenges:
- Many deficiencies are to blame for the slack in climate action, including those in capacity, trust, resources, and unwavering commitment.
- The lack of trust arises from the failure of Annex II countries to meet their financial obligations, which causes “investment, insurance, and technology transfer” to developing countries to be delayed.
- The difficulty of closing the gap between needed and available cash is reflected in the resource deficit, which is an example of the trust gap.
Capacity Deficit and Implementation Challenges:
- The inability of developing nations to translate their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) into workable plans serves as a stark reminder of the capacity deficit.
- To prevent greenwashing, the difficulty is in designing meaningful projects, creating sensible policies, and making sure that monitoring and evaluation are reliable.
- Closely resolving this capability gap is essential to successful climate action.
Vulnerable Countries and Commitment Deficit:
- Vulnerable nations are still struggling with a lack of commitment, frequently having to choose between pursuing economic growth and the discussion of climate justice.
- The elusive “additional finance” turns into a focus point as these countries realize that financial support might not be enough to prevent the impending disaster.
- There is a demand that these nations take decisive action toward sustainable development and clearly acknowledge the limitations of pursuing compensation.
Trillion-Dollar Question:
- The crucial question is whether COP28 will be successful in affecting world leaders’ consciences when it takes place in Dubai.
- Will the conference be a “paralyzed force” making symbolic gestures without producing meaningful motion, or will it be a catalyst for real change?
- Concerns regarding the efficacy of international efforts in the face of climate threats are raised by the outcome, which is yet undetermined.
For Enquiry
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