6 June 2023 : Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS

6-June-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1. Railways to secure signalling equipment with double locks

Topic: GS3 – Indian Railways – security.

Context:

• • • The Indian Railways has decided to implement a double-lock arrangement for securing goomties, which house signalling equipment on railway station premises.

Issue:

• • • The decision comes after the recent three-way train accident in Odisha, which is suspected to have been caused by a signalling failure.

    • Tej Prakash Agrawal, Executive Director of Safety at the Railway Board, issued a circular to all Zonal Railways, instructing them to launch a month-long safety drive for implementing the double-locking system.

    • The circular also emphasized the need to inspect and ensure the existing double-locking arrangement for relay rooms, which control signals, points, and the interlocking system at railway stations.

    • Stationmasters and signal maintainers will hold separate keys, and an SMS alert system should be implemented for opening or closing of relay rooms.

    • The implementation of dual-lock access control is aimed at ensuring compliance with safety guidelines when accessing signalling equipment.

    • Due to the lack of available time for maintenance or repairs on busy routes, maintenance personnel often resort to breaching safety protocols and informally accessing sensitive installations.

2. Services PMI signals sustained growth pace.

Topic: GS3 – Indian economy.

Context:

• • • The S&P Global India Services PMI Business Activity Index showed that the services sector output grew at the second fastest pace in 13 years in May.

Issue:

• • • The index eased to 61.2 from 62 in April, indicating strong growth.

    • New job creation in the services sector reached its highest level in 2023.

    • Export orders rose for the fourth consecutive month and at the highest pace this year.

    • Input costs, including food, transportation, and wages, surged in May at the highest rate since December, leading firms to raise service charges.

    • Consumer services companies faced the highest increase in input costs, while transport, information, and communication firms raised service charges at the steepest rate.

    • Confidence levels among firms fell marginally from April, with concerns about competitive pressures.

    • Inflationary pressures continued to be a challenge, potentially affecting the affordability of services and economic growth.

    • Firms may seek operational efficiencies and explore alternative sourcing options to navigate these challenges.

3.Effective measures by Delhi govt. have caused reduction in pollution levels, says CM

Topic: GS3 – Environment and pollution.

Context:

• • • Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal called for residents to participate in the government’s fight against pollution on World Environment Day.

    • He highlighted initiatives such as tree transplantation, extending Piped Natural Gas (PNG) to industries, and Real-Time Source Apportionment Study to map sources of air pollution in real-time.

Issue:

• • • Kejriwal emphasized the government’s commitment to curbing pollution and safeguarding residents’ health and well-being.

    • He stated that pollution has decreased in Delhi due to measures taken with the involvement of two crore (20 million) people.

    • The government aims to turn Delhi into a “City of Lakes.”

    • He also credited the Eastern and Western peripheral highways for reducingpollution by diverting heavy vehicles away from the capital.

4. What is affecting trade momentum?

Topic: GS3 – Economy.

Context:

• • • India’s merchandise exports declined by 12.7% YoY to $34.66 billion in April, reaching a six-month low, while imports fell by 14% to $49.90 billion during the same period.

Issue:

• • • The decline in imports and exports is not limited to India but is seen globally, indicating slowing global demand.

    • Global trade is facing headwinds such as weaker economic activities, inflation, tightening monetary policies, disrupted supply chains due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and financial instability caused by the collapse of financial institutions.

    • The conflict in Eastern Europe has affected energy, food, and commodity prices, while the collapse of financial institutions has raised concerns about financial contagion in a slowing economy.

    • In an economic slowdown, international trade is impacted as overall demand for goods and services decreases, leading to a decline in both exports and imports.

    • Inflation erodes purchasing power and affects capital flow to developing countries, while uneven rise in prices of essentials like food and energy adds to the challenges.

    • The share of exports of goods and services in India’s GDP stood at 21.4% in FY 2021-22.

    • The government plans to diversify and sustain exports momentum through inter-ministerial talks.

    • Services exports are expected to remain strong, while imports may remain low as commodity prices stabilize.

    • Lower imports have been influenced by stable oil prices, reducing the import bill, while domestic demand remains robust in certain segments.

    • The future trajectory of trade will depend on global demand, recovery rates, and stabilization of commodity prices and currency values.

5. The decade-long search for a rare Higgs boson decay continues.

Topic: GS3 – Science and technology.

Issue:

• • • The Higgs boson is a subatomic particle that interacts with the Higgs field, which is believed to be present throughout the universe.

    • The Higgs boson gives particles their mass, with stronger interactions leading to higher mass.

    • The decay of a Higgs boson into a Z boson and a photon is a rare process that provides valuable information about the properties of the Higgs boson and the universe.

    • The decay process is possible because of the presence of virtual particles in spacetime, which have effects that can be observed.

    • The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN detected the decay of a Higgs boson into a Z boson and a photon, confirming the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model.

    • The LHC needed to create a large number of Higgs bosons to observe this rare decay process.

    • The discovery of the decay pathway helps physicists test the predictions of the Standard Model and potentially uncover new theories of physics.

    • The significance of the discovery is still not high enough for a 100% certainty claim, highlighting the rarity of the decay pathway.

    • Further research and observations at the LHC could lead to new insights and advancements in understanding the fundamental nature of the universe.

6. India, U.S. finalise road map for defence industrial cooperation

Topic: GS3 – Economy.

Context:

• • • India and the U.S. have concluded a road map for “Defence Industrial Cooperation” during a bilateral meeting between Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and U.S. Secretary of Defence Lloyd Austin.

Issue:

• • • The road map aims to guide policy direction for cooperation in high technology areas, identifying opportunities for co-development and co-production.

    • The two sides discussed building resilient supply chains and increasing collaboration between defense start-up ecosystems.

    • They reviewed bilateral defense cooperation activities and agreed to maintain the momentum of engagement.

    • The focus was on enhancing defense cooperation in areas such as convergence of strategic interests and security cooperation.

    • Both countries emphasized the importance of the India-U.S. partnership for a free, open, and rules-bound Indo-Pacific region.

    • They also discussed regional security issues and their shared interest in maintaining peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

    • Recent dialogues on defense Artificial Intelligence and defense space were welcomed.

    • The visit of U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin to India highlights the commitment to strengthen bilateral defense ties.

7. NIRF: IIT-Madras retains number one spot

Topic: GS3 – Education sector.

Context:

• • • The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras retained its position as the best educational institution in overall ranking for the fifth consecutive term.

    • The Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru was rated the best university in the country for eight years in a row.

Issue:

• • • Miranda House, Delhi was ranked the best college and the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad the top management institute.

    • The Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee topped the ranking in architecture.

    • Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi took the top slot in agriculture and allied sectors.

    • The Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur topped the innovation category.

    • The report was released by Minister of State for Education and External Affairs, Rajkumar Ranjan Singh.

    • The rankings are based on parameters such as teaching, learning and resources, research and professional practice, graduation outcome, outreach and inclusivity, and perception.

    • A total of 5,543 unique institutions applied for ranking in the 2023 rankings.

8. Draft of cybersecurity agreement outlined for G-20 countries

Topic: GS3 – cyber security.

Context:

• • • Lieutenant-General Rajesh Pant (retd.), the National Cybersecurity Coordinator, outlined the “Delhi Declaration,” a series of commitments to responsible state behavior in cyberspace for G-20 member countries.

Issue:

• • • The commitments are based on existing non-binding norms that G-20 countries have already signed onto under the United Nations.

    • The proposed commitments include not damaging critical infrastructure or essential systems, cooperating to mitigate and investigate cyber incidents, protecting software supply chains, respecting international law and rule of law in cyberspace, and protecting the humanitarian sector.

    • The draft of the Delhi Declaration was read out by Dr. Pant at a G-20 business event on cybersecurity, with Microsoft Corporation assisting in its drafting.

    • Dr. Pant highlighted the need for building resilience in industries by developing a competent cyber workforce, establishing standard operating procedures, and promoting international cooperation.

    • The increasing software-isation and vulnerabilities in cyberspace, including the advancements in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), contribute to the growing pace of cyber attacks.

9.After a 7-year gap, Iran set to reopen embassy in Riyadh

Topic: GS2 – International relations.

Context:

• • • Iran is set to reopen its embassy in Saudi Arabia on Tuesday after a seven-year closure, as part of a Chinese-brokered rapprochement deal.

Issue:

• • • Saudi Arabia cut diplomatic ties with Iran in 2016 following attacks on its embassy and consulate during protests over the execution of a Shiite cleric.

    • The reopening of Iran’s embassy in Riyadh, consulate in Jeddah, and representative office to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) will take place on Tuesday and Wednesday.

    • Alireza Enayati, former Iranian Ambassador to Kuwait, will lead the diplomatic mission in Saudi Arabia.

    • Saudi Arabia has not yet announced the reopening of its embassy in Tehran or its choice for Ambassador to Iran.

    • The reconciliation agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia, signed in March, marked a surprising shift in their relationship after years of supporting opposing sides in regional conflicts.

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