Q1) What do you understand by theaterisation of commands? Enumerating the impediments in theaterisation for India’s armed forces, discuss the role of Chief of Defence Staff in enhancing the effectiveness of India’s external security response. (250 Words/15 Marks) ANS The aterisation is a concept that seeks to integrate the capabilities of the three services- army,…
1. Cabinet accords approval for progressive expansion of Central Sector Scheme of ‘Agriculture Infrastructure Fund’ (Source – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2049318 ) Topic: GS3 – Agriculture – Storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce Context The Union Cabinet’s approval to expand the Agricultural Infrastructure Fund (AIF) aims to bolster agricultural infrastructure by including new project types and aligning…
 1. India and Russia sign a working plan to handle emergencies (Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 4) Topic: GS2 – International Relations – Bilateral Relations Context India and Russia signed a working plan for their Joint Commission on Emergency Management for 2025-26, focusing on space monitoring, disaster response, and training….
1. A punishing process (Source: Indian Express; Section: The Ideas Page; Page: 09) Topic: GS2– Governance Context: The article discusses recent Supreme Court judgments that emphasize the principle of “bail is the rule, jail is the exception” even for stringent laws like the UAPA and PMLA. It highlights the judiciary’s growing concern over the potential…
1. Sharpening India’s anti-tuberculosis fight (Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 8) Topic: GS2 – Social Justice – Health Context This article discusses India’s ongoing battle against tuberculosis (TB), which accounts for over a quarter of the global TB burden. It emphasises the need for shorter, more effective treatments for drug-resistant…
Q1) With the help of the map given below, describe the major internal security threats faced by the country. Suggest a comprehensive security framework to minimize these threats. (250 Words/15 Marks) ANS Internal security implies maintaining peace, law and order, and protecting the sovereignty, integrity and unity of the country from various internal threats….
 1. Machine learning helps predict crustal movements in Tibetan Plateau (Source – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2049046 ) Topic: GS1 – Geography, GS3 –  Science and Technology Context Scientists from the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology used machine learning techniques like support vector machines and decision trees to model crustal deformations over the Tibetan Plateau. By predicting GPS site…
1. Advancing equity, from COVID-19 to Mpox (Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 8) Topic: GS2 – Social Justice – Health Context This article discusses the global response to the mpox (formerly monkeypox) outbreak, which has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the WHO. It emphasises…