World War 1 (1914-1918) was a global conflict primarily fought between the Allied Powers, led by Britain, France, and Russia, and the Central Powers, led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the war escalated due to deep-rooted militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. It was…
Socialism is a political, economic and social ideology that advocates for collective or governmental ownership and management of the means of production and distribution of goods. It emerged as a response to the inequalities and exploitation created by industrial capitalism and seeks to establish a more just and equitable society by ensuring that wealth and…
Dalit empowerment refers to the upliftment of historically oppressed communities through education, legal rights, political representation, and socio-economic opportunities. It aims to eliminate caste-based discrimination, ensure dignity and equality, and promote inclusive development. Constitutional safeguards, affirmative action, and social movements play a crucial role in empowering Dalits in India. The Ministry of Social Justice &…
Colonialism and imperialism are two interconnected yet distinct concepts in world history that played a significant role in shaping global political, economic, and social structures. These processes were driven by the expansionist policies of powerful nations, leading to the subjugation and exploitation of weaker regions. Colonialism is the direct political and economic control of foreign…
US Hegemony refers to its dominance in economic, military, political, and cultural spheres, shaping global affairs since World War II. Emerging as a superpower, the U.S. established institutions like the UN, IMF, World Bank, and NATO to reinforce its influence. During the Cold War, it positioned itself as the leader of the “Free World,” countering…
(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 7) Topic: GS3 – Environment – Environmental pollution and degradation Context A new study has found that thawing permafrost in the Kashmir Himalayas could affect 193 km of roads, 2,415 households, 903 alpine lakes, and eight hydropower projects. What is Permafrost? Permafrost refers to ground…
(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 11) Topic: GS3 – Science and Technology Context DNA fingerprinting is widely used for forensic investigations, paternity tests, ancestry tracing, disaster victim identification and crime scene analysis. This article details DNA fingerprinting using STRs, PCR, electrophoresis, and polymorphisms. What is DNA? DNA is present in…
(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 10) Topic: GS2 – Indian Polity, GS3 – Indian Economy Context India is expected to have the largest urban population in the world in the coming years. The Central government has led urban development through various key initiatives. The Role of the Central Government Urban…
1. Strategic Supply Chain Management for Critical Minerals (Source – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2114467 ) Topic: GS2 – Governance – Government Policies Context Approved on January 29, 2025, the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) aims to ensure a sustainable supply of critical minerals, strengthening India’s exploration, mining, and processing capabilities. National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) – Key Highlights…
