India Recalibrates Climate Strategy

(Source – Indian Express, Section – Explained- Page No. – 13)

Analysis of the news:

Prioritizing Adaptation Over Mitigation

• India has signaled a crucial shift in its climate policy, emphasizing adaptation over emission reduction.
• It argues that excessive focus on a specific temperature goal does not align with the immediate needs of developing nations.
• Instead, building resilience against climate change and ensuring economic growth is the most effective strategy.

Economic Growth as a Climate Shield

• India contends that rapid economic development is the best defense against climate change.
• This perspective justifies its reluctance to phase out coal-based power, as restricting energy sources could hinder growth.
• The Economic Survey 2024-25 reinforces this view, advocating for achieving developed-country parameters by 2047 before pursuing aggressive decarbonization.

Global Climate Action on the Back Burner

• International focus on climate action has waned, with geopolitical crises and financial shortcomings overshadowing climate commitments.
• Developed nations have failed to meet their emission reduction and financial obligations, eroding trust in global climate governance.
• The U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement under President Trump further weakens global efforts.

Maintaining a Low-Carbon Pathway

• Despite its stance, India recognizes the need to transition to clean energy to remain competitive.
• It aims to develop indigenous technologies, such as small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs), to reduce dependence on foreign supply chains.
• Achieving climate goals requires aggressive expansion of renewables, including solar, wind, and hydrogen, alongside nuclear power.

Balancing Growth and Sustainability

• India’s recalibrated approach does not reject decarbonization but demands flexibility in its climate policies.
• It asserts its right to determine the pace and nature of its energy transition, balancing economic aspirations with sustainability.

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