Israel’s Escalating Strikes on Yemen: A New Front in the Middle East Proxy War
(Source – Indian Express, Section – Explained, Page No. – 14)
| Context |
| The article analyzes Israel’s airstrikes on Yemen, targeting the Houthi group, amidst escalating tensions in the Middle East and the broader “axis of resistance” dynamics. |
Analysis of the news:
Expansion of Israeli Operations
- Israel’s airstrikes in Yemen, including the bombing of Sana’a airport during a UN delegation’s presence, signal a significant escalation in its campaign against Iran and its regional allies.
- These operations target the Houthi group, which Israel considers a critical Iranian proxy, amid debates about focusing on Yemen or Iran itself.
Impact on Regional Dynamics
- The strikes reflect broader geopolitical tensions. The Houthis, buoyed by Iranian military aid and Russian intelligence, have heightened their attacks, targeting Israel and disrupting maritime trade.
- This disruption has global implications, evidenced by reduced Suez Canal traffic and economic strain on Israel’s Red Sea port.
Houthis’ Position in the Yemeni Civil War
- Despite facing opposition from other factions, such as the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council, the Houthis have solidified control in northern Yemen.
- Their recruitment drive and ability to withstand international air campaigns highlight their growing influence domestically and regionally.
Role in the ‘Axis of Resistance’
- The Houthis have emerged as a central force within Iran’s “axis of resistance,” leveraging their position amid the weakening of Hezbollah and Hamas.
- Coordinated efforts with Iraqi Shia militias further enhance their operational reach, positioning them as key actors in ongoing regional conflicts.
Conclusion
- The escalation of Israeli strikes in Yemen underscores the intensifying proxy battles in the Middle East.
- With significant implications for regional stability and global trade, the conflict highlights the interplay of local ambitions and international geopolitics in shaping outcomes.
| Why does the Middle East Consistently Remain a Region of Persistent Conflict and Instability? |
| Geopolitical Rivalries and Proxy Conflicts: The Middle East is a hotbed of geopolitical rivalries between regional and global powers, including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Turkey, and the United States. Protracted Conflicts and Unresolved Disputes: The Middle East is characterized by numerous protracted conflicts, such as Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which have resisted resolution for decades. Sectarian Divides and Identity Politics: The Middle East is characterized by deep-seated sectarian divides, particularly between Sunni and Shia Muslims, which have fueled numerous conflicts and power struggles. Authoritarian Regimes and Lack of Democratization: Many countries in the Middle East are governed by authoritarian regimes that prioritize regime security over the well-being of their citizens. Resource Scarcity and Environmental Challenges: The Middle East is facing severe environmental challenges, including reduced oil resources, water scarcity, desertification, and the impacts of climate change. |
| PYQ: ‘India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss. (150 words/10m) (UPSC CSE (M) GS-2 2018) |
| Practice Question: Analyze the implications of Israel’s recent airstrikes in Yemen on the Houthi group, considering the broader geopolitical dynamics in the Middle East and the evolving role of the Houthis within the ‘axis of resistance.’ (250 Words /15 marks) |
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