Scientists Propose Tabletop Experiment to Investigate Quantum Nature of Gravity
(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 7)
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Topic: GS3 – Science and Technology |
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Context |
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Conflict Between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics
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General relativity explains gravity, while quantum mechanics explains the other three fundamental forces.
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Scientists do not yet know how gravity fits into quantum mechanics.
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There is a need for experiments to test whether gravity behaves according to quantum rules.
Concepts of Quantum Mechanics
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Quantum mechanics includes principles like superposition and entanglement, which defy classical physics.
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A quantum system collapses into a definite state when measured, unlike classical systems.
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If gravity follows quantum rules, measuring it should collapse its state.
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Quantum Nature of Gravity |
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Proposed Experiment to Test Quantum Gravity
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Scientists suggest an experiment using a test mass in superposition of two paths.
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A probe mass will interact with it gravitationally, forcing it into one path.
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If gravity causes this collapse, it may indicate that gravity is quantum in nature.
Testing Weak Gravity
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Previous studies focused on strong gravity near black holes.
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This experiment aims to test weak gravity effects, making it more feasible.
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If successful, quantum gravity effects could be observed in tabletop experiments.
Challenges and Future Prospects
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The experiment requires placing a nanocrystal, one-trillionth of a gram, in superposition.
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The set-up must be in a near-perfect vacuum to prevent interference.
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Despite challenges, scientists believe testing quantum gravity is now possible within a decade.
