Q1) Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attack and the security framework to prevent it.

(150 Words/10 Marks)

The number of people having access to the internet In India is increasing day by day. Despite the untapped potential, India already is the 2nd largest online market worldwide. Although the advancement of technology and the internet has brought with it all related benefits but has also led to an increase in cybercrime affecting people globally. Crimes like the Pegasus snooping scandal, the Wannacry attack have shown the vulnerability of India to cyber-crime threats.

Potential Threats of Cyber-attack:

• National Security: Cyber-attacks can disrupt critical infrastructure, such as power grids, communication networks, and defense systems, undermining national security. For example, the 2019 cyber breach at the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant underscores threats to national security.
• Economic Damage: Attacks on financial institutions or e-commerce platforms can lead to massive economic losses and shake investor confidence. For example, Cyfirma reported in 2020 that Indian companies lost over $4 billion due to cyber threats.
• Data Theft: Cyber-attacks can result in breaches of personal and sensitive data, infringing upon individual privacy and potentially leading to identity theft or fraud. For example, the 2021 data breach at Air India, affecting 4.5 million customers worldwide, illustrates the risks of data theft.
• Disruption of Public Services: Attacks on government systems can disrupt public services, causing inconvenience and potential chaos. For example, the 2020 cyberattack on the Ministry of Health disrupted crucial public services amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Initiatives are being taken by the government to enhance cyber-security in India:

• Legislative Measures: The Information Technology Act, 2000 provides a legal framework to address cybercrimes. However, constant updates are required to keep pace with evolving cyber threats.
• Cyber Security Infrastructure: Institutions like Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) play a critical role in defending against cyber threats and responding to cyber security incidents.
• International Cooperation: Given the borderless nature of cyberspace, international cooperation is crucial for exchange of information and best practices, and for legal assistance in cybercrime cases.
• Public Awareness: Educating the public about safe online practices and promoting digital literacy can help reduce the risk of cyber attacks at an individual level.

Conclusion:

As India continues to digitalize, the threat of cyber-attacks will become increasingly prominent. To address this, a multifaceted approach involving legislative updates, strengthening cybersecurity infrastructure, international cooperation, and public awareness is essential to create a robust security framework.