10 May 2023 : Daily Current Affairs
Daily Current Affairs
10-May-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.
1. BITS-Pilani Hyderabad develops an illness-detecting mask with the sensor.
Topic: GS3
Context:
- Researchers at BITS-Pilani Hyderabad have developed a Kirigami-based stretchable, flexible Laser induced Graphene (LIG) sensor for real-time attachments with surgical masks.
Issue:
- LIG is a widely used material for monitoring vital physiological signs such as breath rate, body temperature, pulse rate, and blood oxygen saturation.
- The sensor attached to a gas mask was used to analyse the breath pattern of the subject seated on a chair.
- The breathing rate generally varies based on age unless the person is diseased. Therefore, a person’s fitness can be determined by Breath Index or by measuring respiratory and breath rates.
- The sensor can be placed over the mouth and nose without causing any irritation while ensuring stable working.
- The project was carried out under the aegis of the Department of Science & Technology- Biomedical Device and Technology Development and has been accepted for publication in ‘IEEE Sensors Journal’.
2. Assam plans to ban polygamy.
Topic: GS1 , GS2
Context:
- The BJP government in Assam will form an expert committee to examine whether the government can ban polygamy.
Issue:
- The committee will be given six months to develop a law following discussions with stakeholders, including legal experts, Islamic scholars, intellectuals, and influential personalities.
- The committee will examine polygamy’s legal provisions and other personal and religious aspects.
- Polygamy was detected among specific individuals among the indigenous communities, besides some ‘informal’ cases where men live with two or more women without marrying.
Reasons for the existence of Polygamy in India:
Polygamy, the practice of having more than one spouse simultaneously, exists in India primarily for cultural and religious reasons. Some of the reasons for the existence of polygamy in India are:
- Tradition: Polygamy has been practised in some Indian communities for centuries. It is seen as a sign of social and economic status in some communities.
- Religion: Some religious communities, such as Muslims, are allowed to practice polygamy as per their sacred scriptures. However, polygamy is not mandatory in Islam and is subject to certain conditions.
- Male domination: In many societies, men are considered the head of the family and have the right to marry more than one woman. This practice is seen as a way to exercise power and control over women.
- Infertility: In some cases, when a man’s wife cannot bear children, he may marry another woman to have children.
- Widows and divorced women: In some communities, widows and divorced women are not allowed to remarry. Polygamy provides an option for these women to enter into a marital relationship.
It is important to note that polygamy is illegal in India except for Muslims, governed by the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937, which allows them to have up to four wives.
3.Minimising the threat of IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices)
Topic: GS3
Context:
- On May 5, there was a gunfight in the Jammu division between militants and soldiers, resulting in the death of five soldiers and one injury. The gunfight began when an explosive device was triggered while searching for terrorists in Kandi forests, killing two soldiers.
- On April 26, an improvised explosive device killed 10 security personnel in Chattisgarh’s Dantewada area while they were ambushed on an anti-Maoist mission.
- In this light, it is essential to understand how we can minimise the threat of IEDs.
Issue:
- Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are potent tools for militants because they offer a surprise element and a “first-mover advantage”.
- In landmine or IED ambushes, the “Immediate Action” response time is only a few seconds, making it difficult for security personnel to react.
- To minimise errors, security personnel should avoid travelling by vehicle and use foot travel for routine operations like area domination, cordon-and-search, long-range patrolling, ambush-cum-patrolling and so forth.
- Vehicle travel should be undertaken rarely and only for urgent operational reasons after exercising due diligence. If vehicle travel is essential, the onward and return journeys should always be by a different route, and undertaken during the daytime.
- In certain war zones, vehicular deployment is inevitable. Security forces working in such areas should be equipped with appropriate protective gear, such as blast-resistant clothing, helmets, and eye protection.
- Areas known or suspected to contain landmines or IEDs can be mapped, and contingency plans prepared.
- Aerial surveillance through drones and road opening parties equipped with Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) can detect the presence of terrorists to carry out operations and also pick tell-tale signs of a likely ambush.
- Intelligence inputs are essential, but locals are often hesitant to provide information due to the risks of reprisals by terrorists.
4.India has fallen in the World Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders.
Topic: GS2, GS3
Context:
- According to Reporters Without Borders, India’s ranking in the World Press Freedom Index has fallen to 161 out of 180 countries.
About the press freedom index:
- The Press Freedom Index is an annual ranking of countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF).
- It measures the level of freedom that journalists, news organisations, and netizens (citizens of the internet) have in each country based on a range of criteria, including media pluralism and independence, respect for the safety and freedom of journalists, the quality of the legislative framework, and the level of censorship and self-censorship.
- The rankings are intended to serve as a helpful tool for researchers, journalists, and policymakers to understand the state of press freedom worldwide.
According to Reporters Without Borders, the main reasons for India’s fall in the press freedom rankings are:
- Physical violence and threats against journalists
- Intimidation of Journalists on social media
- Legal Harassment and Arrests of Journalists
- Internet shutdowns and other restrictions on digital access
- Disinformation and propaganda spread by government officials and supporters.
India has also been criticised for its sedition laws, which have been used to suppress dissenting voices, and for increasing surveillance and censorship under the guise of national security.
5.Traditions have not stopped the concept of marriage from evolving: SC.
Topic: GS1, GS2
Issue:
- The Indian Supreme Court has said that the Constitution has been a “tradition-breaker” in the past. Though tradition may have created the idea of heterosexual marriage, it has not stopped society from evolving and bringing changes to the concept of marriage.
- The court is hearing petitions seeking a judicial declaration of the right to same-sex marriage.
- The court stated that fundamental rights like life, liberty, dignity, freedom of expression and choice, and personal autonomy were inherent in every person and were recognised by the Constitution.
- The court observed that to say there is no fundamental right to marry would be far-fetched.
6. Same-sex couples, live-in partners not included in surrogacy laws: Centre in SC
Topic: GS1, GS2
Issue:
- The Centre has told the Supreme Court that same-sex couples and live-in partners are not included in surrogacy and assisted reproduction laws to avoid “misuse” and to provide children a “complete family”.
Arguments given by the Government
- The government said that the welfare of the child “trumps any notions of equality amongst prospective/intending parents/couples”.
- It stated that neither any special provisions have been introduced with respect to same-sex/live-in couples nor have they been granted any additional rights, even though the Supreme Court has decriminalised same-sex relations and live-in relations.
- The Centre argued that the inclusion of live-in and same-sex couples within the ambit of the Surrogacy Act would lead to “misuse” and make it difficult to ensure a better future for the child born through surrogacy.
- Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud, heading the Constitution Bench, had recently remarked that same-sex couples could offer as stable and loving a home, if not better, to children as heterosexual married parents.
- The Centre’s response is based on a petition filed by an IVF specialist, Arun Muthuvel, challenging several provisions of the Surrogacy Act, 2021 and the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 as discriminatory and violative of the reproductive rights of women and an impediment to the right to privacy.
For Enquiry
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