13 May 2023 : Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs

13-May-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1. Inflation slips to an 18-month low of 4.7%.

Topic: GS3.

Issue:

• • • India’s retail inflation in April 2023 reached an 18-month low of 4.7%, staying below the Reserve Bank of India’s 6% tolerance threshold for the second consecutive month.

    • The decline in inflation was aided by the base effects from April 2022, when it had reached an eight-year high of 7.8%.

    • Inflation for urban consumers decreased to 4.85% in April, while rural consumers moderated to 4.7%.

    • Consumer food price inflation eased to 3.84% in April compared to 4.8% in March.

    • Base effects from the previous year contributed to the cooling inflation. Still, concerns remain over higher inflation in pulses, personal care products, and prices of items such as cereals and milk.

    • Vegetable prices continued to fall on a year-on-year basis but increased by 1.8% compared to March 2023 prices.

    • The consumer price index (CPI) grew by 0.5% sequentially, and food prices rose by 0.6% from March levels.

2. Kerala govt. to set up a panel to study medicos issues.

Topic: GS3.

Context:

• • • The Kerala government plans to establish a committee led by the Secretary of Medical Education to investigate and address the workplace and work-related concerns raised by house surgeons and postgraduate medical students.

Issue:

Issues faced by Doctors in India:

• • • Workload and long working hours: Doctors often work long hours, including night shifts, leading to fatigue and burnout.

    • Lack of infrastructure and resources: Many healthcare facilities in India, especially in rural areas, lack adequate infrastructure, medical equipment, and resources.

    • Doctor-patient ratio: India has a low doctor-patient ratio, particularly in rural areas. This means that doctors are often overwhelmed with many patients, leading to less individual attention and longer waiting times.

    • Violence against doctors: Instances of violence against doctors, including physical assaults, verbal abuse, and intimidation, have been reported.

    • Lack of career opportunities and growth: In certain specialities, doctors face limited career opportunities and growth prospects. This can discourage doctors from pursuing specific fields or lead to a concentration of doctors in certain specialties, creating an imbalance in the healthcare system.

    • Inadequate compensation: Despite their demanding and essential role, doctors in some settings receive inadequate compensation, especially in government hospitals and rural areas.

    • Emotional and mental health challenges: Doctors frequently experience high levels of stress, emotional strain, and burnout due to the demanding nature of their work.

    • Lack of standardization in medical education: The quality and standardization of medical education vary across different institutions and states, leading to inconsistencies in skills and knowledge among doctors. This can impact the overall quality of healthcare delivery.

• • • Administrative challenges: Doctors often face administrative burdens, including excessive paperwork, documentation, and bureaucratic processes. These tasks can consume valuable time and divert attention from patient care.

3. SC tells courts not to rely on April 26 order on default bail.

Topic: GS2.

Context:

• • • The Supreme Court has directed lower courts to decide pending default bail applications without relying on its own judgment of April 26.

Issue:

• • • The April 26 judgment held that the right to default bail is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, protecting accused persons from the arbitrary power of the State.

    • Default bail is granted if the investigating agency fails to file a final chargesheet within the stipulated time period.

    • Through the Enforcement Directorate (ED), the government sought to recall the Ritu Chhabaria judgment, arguing that it contradicted past Supreme Court verdicts and did not apply to special laws like the Prevention of Money Laundering Act.

    • The Supreme Court clarified that its May 1 order did not prevent courts from deciding default bail pleas independent of the Ritu Chhabaria judgment.

4. Centre prepares new Model Prisons Act with a focus on reform.

Topic: GS2.

Context:

• • • On Friday, the Ministry of Home Affairs announced the development of the ‘Model Prisons Act 2023,’ aimed at replacing an outdated British-era law and bringing about significant reforms in prison administration.

Issue:

• • • The Ministry of Home Affairs has prepared the ‘Model Prisons Act 2023’ to replace the outdated Prisons Act of 1894 and two other related laws.

    • The new act focuses on the reformation and rehabilitation of inmates, along with punishment for prisoners and jail staff for prohibited activities such as using mobile phones in jails.

    • It includes provisions for establishing and managing high-security jails, open jails, and measures to protect society from the activities of hardened criminals and habitual offenders.

    • The act also emphasizes providing legal aid to prisoners and introduces provisions for parole, furlough, and premature release to incentivize good conduct.

    • The existing Prisons Act was primarily focused on custody and discipline without addressing reform and rehabilitation of prisoners.

    • The Model Prisons Act of 2023 will serve as a guiding document for states to adopt in their jurisdiction, addressing the gaps in the current legislation.

Issues with prison administration in India:

• • • Overcrowding: Indian prisons often face severe overcrowding, with many prisons operating at well above their intended capacity. This leads to cramped living conditions, a lack of proper facilities, and increased tension among inmates.

    • Poor infrastructure: Many prisons in India lack adequate infrastructure, including basic amenities like clean water, sanitation facilities, healthcare services, and sufficient staff.

    • Inadequate staff: There is a shortage of trained and qualified staff in Indian prisons, including correctional officers, medical personnel, and rehabilitation professionals.

    • Delayed justice: Lengthy legal processes and delays in trials contribute to prolonged periods of pretrial detention, often exceeding the prescribed limits. This results in a high number of undertrial prisoners and a burden on the prison system.

    • Violence and gang activities: Prisons in India are prone to violence, gang activities, and conflicts among inmates. Lack of proper security measures and inadequate staff exacerbate these issues, leading to safety concerns for both inmates and staff.

    • Lack of rehabilitation programs: Insufficient efforts are made to address the underlying causes of criminal behaviour, provide skill development, and facilitate the smooth transition of inmates back into society.

    • Human rights violations: Instances of human rights abuses, including custodial deaths, torture, and ill-treatment of prisoners, have been reported in Indian prisons.

    • Inadequate mental health support: Mental health issues among inmates are often neglected, with limited access to mental healthcare services and inadequate psychological support.

    • Rehabilitation after release: There is a lack of post-release support and reintegration programs for ex-prisoners, making it challenging for them to reintegrate into society, find employment, and lead a productive life.

    • Corruption: Instances of corruption within the prison administration, including bribery and favouritism, have been reported. This undermines the fairness and effectiveness of the prison system and hampers efforts towards reform and rehabilitation.

Way forward:

• • • Prison reforms: Implement comprehensive prison reforms that focus on improving infrastructure, increasing capacity, and ensuring basic amenities such as clean water, sanitation, and healthcare services are provided in all prisons.

    • Staff training and recruitment: Provide regular training to prison staff to enhance their capabilities and professionalism.

    • Overcrowding management: Take measures to reduce overcrowding in prisons, such as exploring alternatives to incarceration for non-violent offenders, improving bail processes, and expediting trials to reduce the number of undertrial prisoners.

    • Rehabilitation programs: Develop and implement effective rehabilitation programs that address the root causes of criminal behaviour, provide skill development and education opportunities, and facilitate the reintegration of inmates into society after their release.

    • Mental health support: Provide counselling and psychological support to help inmates cope with their incarceration and facilitate their rehabilitation.

    • Human rights protection: Strengthen monitoring mechanisms and ensure the protection of human rights within prisons. Establish independent oversight bodies to investigate and address allegations of human rights abuses and hold accountable those responsible for such violations.

    • Technology integration: Integrate technology solutions to improve prison management and security, including the use of CCTV cameras, biometric identification systems, and prison management software.

    • Collaboration and partnerships: Foster collaboration between government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and civil society groups to leverage expertise and resources in implementing effective prison reforms and rehabilitation programs.

    • Post-release support: Develop comprehensive post-release support programs that assist ex-prisoners in reintegrating into society, finding employment, accessing healthcare, and addressing other social needs.

    • Transparency and accountability: Promote transparency and accountability within the prison administration by establishing mechanisms for regular monitoring, inspections, and reporting. Encourage the participation of civil society organizations and human rights groups in monitoring prison conditions.

5. Cyclone Mocha to be severe, but little threat to India: IMD

Topic: GS1.

Issue:

• • • Cyclone Mocha, currently located in the eastern Bay of Bengal, is expected to be stronger than initially forecast.

    • The India Meteorological Department suggests that the cyclone poses little threat to India, with the most significant impact expected in Myanmar and parts of Bangladesh.

    • Mocha is classified as a ‘very severe cyclonic storm’ and is moving northeastwards with a speed of 12 kmph.

    • The cyclone is likely to intensify further into an ‘Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm’ over the east-central Bay of Bengal.

    • Earlier forecasts predicted Mocha to be a ‘very severe cyclonic storm’ at most.

6.The lack of committees against sexual harassment is disquieting, says SC.

Topic: GS1.

Issue:

• • • The Supreme Court has highlighted serious lapses and uncertainty in the implementation of the Protection of Women from Sexual Harassment (PoSH) Act.

    • The court expressed concern about the negative impact of sexual harassment on women’s self-esteem, emotional well-being, and physical health.

    • Many working women are reluctant to report instances of sexual harassment due to uncertainty about the reporting process and lack of confidence in its outcome.

    • The court emphasized the need for strict enforcement of the law and a proactive approach by the government and other stakeholders to create a supportive and respectful working environment for women.

    • A newspaper survey revealed that a significant number of national sports federations had not constituted Internal Complaints Committees as mandated by the 2013 Act.

    • The court directed the Union, States, and Union Territories to verify the implementation of the act and publish details of the Internal Complaints Committees on their respective websites within eight weeks.

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