16 May 2023 : Daily Current Affairs

Daily Current Affairs

16-May-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1. Maharashtra Speaker assures ‘proper decision’ on disqualification plea:

Topic: GS2.

Context:

• • • Maharashtra Assembly Speaker Rahul Narwekar has stated that he will handle the petition seeking disqualification of 16 MLAs of the Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena, led by Chief Minister Eknath Shinde, in a balanced manner without rushing or unnecessarily prolonging the process.

Issue:

The Speaker of a Legislative Assembly, also known as the Presiding Officer, holds a position of significant authority and responsibility within the legislative process. The powers of the Speaker may vary to some extent depending on the specific rules and procedures of each legislative assembly, but generally, the Speaker possesses the following powers:

• • • Presiding over sessions: The Speaker presides over the meetings and sessions of the legislative assembly, ensuring that the proceedings are conducted in an orderly manner. They maintain decorum, interpret and enforce the rules of the assembly, and decide on points of order and procedure.

    • Maintaining order: The Speaker has the power to maintain order and discipline within the assembly. They can reprimand or discipline members who violate the rules or engage in disruptive behavior. In extreme cases, the Speaker may even have the authority to suspend or expel members from the assembly.

    • Decision on points of order: The Speaker decides on points of order raised by members, determining the applicability of the rules and procedures of the assembly. Their decision is final and binding unless overturned by a majority of the members.

    • Casting vote: In case of a tie on any matter being voted upon, the Speaker usually has a casting vote. This means that they can cast an additional vote to break the tie and reach a decision.

    • Authority over legislative business: The Speaker has control and authority over the legislative agenda and business. They decide the order in which bills and motions are taken up for discussion and voting. The Speaker can prioritize certain matters, allocate time for debates, and regulate the legislative schedule.

    • Certification of bills: After a bill is passed by the assembly, the Speaker certifies it as a validly passed legislation. This certification is essential for the bill to proceed to the next stage of the legislative process, such as receiving assent from the executive or becoming law.

    • Committee appointments: The Speaker often has the power to appoint members to various committees of the assembly. These committees play a crucial role in scrutinizing legislation, conducting inquiries, and examining matters related to specific areas of governance.

    • Representing the assembly: The Speaker represents the legislative assembly in its official interactions and communications with external entities. They may act as the spokesperson for the assembly, maintain relations with other branches of government, and represent the assembly at official functions.

2. On sexual harassment in the workplace.

Topic: GS2.

Issue:

• • • The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (PoSH Act) was formed in response to the gang-rape of social worker Bhanwari Devi in 1992.

    • Prior to the enactment of the PoSH Act, the Supreme Court of India laid down guidelines known as the Vishakha Guidelines in 1997 to address sexual harassment at workplaces.

    • The Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill was introduced in 2007 and later passed as the PoSH Act on December 9, 2013.

    • The PoSH Act defines sexual harassment and extends its scope to cover all women employees, including those employed in various capacities and sectors.

    • It mandates employers with more than 10 employees to form an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) to address sexual harassment complaints. Districts are also required to establish local committees for smaller organizations and the informal sector.

    • Implementation challenges include inadequate constitution of ICCs, lack of clarity on accountability, limited accessibility for women in the informal sector, underreporting of cases, and fear of professional repercussions.

    • The Supreme Court has directed the Union, States, and UTs to verify the constitution of ICCs, Local Committees (LCs), and Internal Committees (ICs) and publish their details on their websites.

3. What are the gaps in the AePS transaction model?

Topic: GS2.

Issue:

• • • AePS (Aadhaar-enabled Payment System) is a bank-led model that allows online financial transactions using Aadhaar authentication.

    • AePS does not require OTPs, bank account details, or other financial information. It uses the Aadhaar number and fingerprint captured during Aadhaar enrolment for fund transfers.

    • It is unclear whether AePS is enabled by default, but users need to link their bank account with their Aadhaar number to use the service.

    • Biometric information can be leaked through various means, including photocopies, soft copies, and criminals using silicone to trick devices into initiating transactions.

    • The UIDAI is proposing amendments to regulations to ensure that Aadhaar numbers are not shared without appropriate redaction or blacking out.

    • The UIDAI has implemented a new two-factor authentication mechanism using finger minutiae and image capture for fingerprint ‘liveness’ verification.

    • Users are advised to lock their Aadhaar information through the UIDAI website or mobile app to prevent unauthorized use of their biometric information.

    • In case of a financial scam using Aadhaar, users should immediately lock their biometric information, inform their banks and relevant authorities, and report the incident for timely resolution.

    • The RBI has stated that customers are entitled to zero liability for unauthorized transactions if reported within three working days of receiving communication from the bank.

4. Activists slam Centre, States for failing to implement Forest Act, to stage protests.

Topic: GS1, GS2.

Context:

• • • More than hundred indigenous, forest-dwelling, and tribal delegates from 12 States condemned State governments and the Centre for the failure to implement the Forest Rights Act, 2006.

    • The delegates attended a two-day convention on forest rights in Delhi and included activists and local leaders advocating for recognition of individual and community forest rights.

Issue:

Significance of the Forest rights act 2006:

The Forest Rights Act, 2006 (also known as the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act) holds significant importance for forest-dwelling communities and indigenous people in India. Here are some key points highlighting the significance of the Forest Rights Act:

• • • Recognition and Protection of Rights: The act aims to recognize and vest forest rights and occupation in forest land to the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest-dwelling communities. It acknowledges their historical rights over forestlands and provides legal protection against eviction or displacement.

    • Empowerment of Forest Communities: The act empowers forest-dwelling communities by granting them legal rights over the resources and livelihoods derived from forests. It recognizes their traditional knowledge, practices, and sustainable use of forest resources, enabling them to assert control over their ancestral lands.

    • Conservation and Sustainable Forest Management: The act recognizes that community involvement and participation are crucial for effective forest conservation and sustainable forest management. By granting rights to forest-dwelling communities, the act promotes their active role in forest protection, regeneration, and biodiversity conservation.

    • Strengthening Local Self-Governance: The act emphasizes the role of gram sabhas (village councils) in decision-making regarding forest resources. It empowers these local institutions to determine and manage community forest resources, ensuring participatory governance and collective decision-making.

    • Protection of Livelihoods and Cultural Identity: The act recognizes the dependence of forest communities on forest resources for their livelihoods and cultural identity. By securing their rights, it safeguards their traditional occupations, practices, and cultural heritage associated with forests.

    • Correcting Historical Injustices: Historically, forest-dwelling communities and indigenous people have faced marginalization, displacement, and loss of their traditional rights over forestlands. The act seeks to address these injustices by providing a legal framework to recognize and restore their rights, promoting social justice and inclusive development.

    • Reducing Conflicts and Encroachments: By providing legal recognition and protection of forest rights, the act aims to reduce conflicts and encroachments on forestlands. It establishes a process for resolving disputes and conflicts related to forest rights, promoting peace and harmony between forest communities and other stakeholders

5. One-stop centres for zero waste to be launched in cities.

Topic: GS3.

Issue:

• • • The government of India will launch one-stop centres for citizens to deposit old clothes, shoes, books, toys, and plastic for reuse or recycling.

    • These “Reduce, Recycle and Reuse” (RRR) centres will be launched nationwide on May 20.

    • Individuals, institutions, and commercial enterprises can deposit items at these centres.

    • The deposited items will be refurbished for reuse or transformed into new products, contributing to a circular economy.

    • The initiative is part of the nationwide campaign called “Meri LiFE, Mera Swachh Shehar” (My Life, My Clean City) under the Swacch Bharat Mission – Urban 2.0.

    • The campaign aims to promote collective action for environmental protection and conservation by adopting sustainable daily habits.

    • The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) are the foundation of the “Waste to Wealth” concept, empowering craftsmen, recyclers, self-help groups, entrepreneurs, and startups to transform waste into various products.

    • The campaign will conclude on World Environment Day, June 5.

6. Exports fell to six-month low in April on anaemic demand.

Topic: GS3.

Issue:

• • • India’s merchandise exports contracted by 12.7% in April, reaching a six-month low of $34.66 billion.

    • Imports also declined by a sharper 14% to $49.90 billion during the same period.

    • The monthly goods trade deficit decreased by 17% in April to touch a 20-month low of $15.24 billion.

    • The decline in exports was attributed to weakened demand in key markets and a drop in commodity prices.

    • Director General of Foreign Trade and Additional Secretary, Santosh Kumar Sarangi, highlighted the challenging global demand from markets such as the EU and the U.S.

    • The government plans to engage in inter-ministerial discussions to explore measures to sustain export growth.

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