17 June 2023 : Daily current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS

17-June-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1. Warming oceans make it harder to forecast cyclones in Arabian Sea

Topic: GS3 – Environment and Ecology

Context:

• • • The recent trend of increasing frequency of cyclones in Arabian Sea is worrying.

Problems with predicting of cyclones in Arabian Sea:

• • • The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has been accurate in forecasting cyclones in India, but it takes more time to accurately predict the trajectory of storms in the Arabian Sea compared to the Bay of Bengal.

    • Global warming is causing the Arabian Sea to heat up more, leading to stronger cyclones like Biparjoy.

    • The IMD initially forecasted that Biparjoy would move away from the Gujarat coast and dissipate into the sea, but four days before landfall, they predicted that the storm would strike India.

    • In contrast, recent storms in the Bay of Bengal, such as Mocha, Cyclone Yaas, Cyclone Mandous, and Cyclone Gulab, followed paths predicted by the IMD at least four or more days in advance.

    • Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal are better understood due to their higher frequency, while Arabian Sea cyclones have been historically fewer and less predictable.

Heat as a key factor:

• • • The direction and recurving of cyclones are influenced by upper-level winds known as steering winds, while the strength and duration of cyclones are influenced by heat within the ocean layers.

    • The prediction models used by the IMD capture the heat component of cyclones better than the wind component.

    • The Arabian Sea has a deeper layer of warm water (up to 40 meters) compared to the Bay of Bengal, and these sub-surface values are not always captured accurately in prediction models.

    • The lack of accurate capture of sub-surface values in the Arabian Sea can result in inaccurate predictions of the strength and speed of cyclones in advance.

    • These unique factors in the Arabian Sea contribute to the challenges in accurately predicting the intensity and movement of cyclones originating in that region.

Source: The Hindu, June 17, 2023– page 9

2. Sedition case against Meitei politician after Assam Rifles’ plaint

Topic: GS2 – Indian Polity

Context:

• • • A sedition case has been registered against Jagat Thoudam, an Imphal-based politician and adviser to the Indigenous People’s Front – concerns have been raised regarding isuse of sedation law on various instances.

What is sedition?

• • • Sedition is defined under Section 124 A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).

    • It involves expressing or promoting feelings of hatred, contempt, or disaffection towards the Indian government.

    • Sedition can be committed through spoken or written words, signs, visible representations, or any other means.

    • The punishment for sedition can range from imprisonment for life to imprisonment for up to three years, along with a fine.

Concerns with sedition law in India:

The sedition law in India, as outlined in Section 124 A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), has been a subject of concern and criticism for several reasons:

• • • Freedom of expression: The sedition law can be seen as a restriction on the freedom of expression, which is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Indian Constitution. It has been argued that the law is often used to stifle dissent, criticism of the government, or expressions of unpopular opinions.

    • Ambiguous and broad interpretation: The language of the sedition law is considered vague and open to wide interpretation, which can lead to misuse and arbitrary application. The lack of clarity in defining what constitutes seditious activities allows for the law to be selectively applied and potentially suppress legitimate criticism.

    • Chilling effect on free speech: The existence and enforcement of the sedition law can create a chilling effect on free speech and discourage individuals from expressing their opinions or engaging in peaceful protest for fear of being charged with sedition. This can undermine democratic values and hinder open dialogue and discourse.

    • Misuse and political targeting: There have been instances where the sedition law has been misused for political purposes, with individuals being charged or arrested merely for expressing dissenting views against the government. Critics argue that the law is selectively used against activists, journalists, and critics to suppress opposition or dissenting voices.

    • Contradiction with international standards: International human rights bodies, such as the United Nations Human Rights Committee, have called for the repeal or amendment of such laws that curtail free speech and peaceful dissent.

    • Deterrent to democratic participation: The sedition law can discourage citizens from actively participating in democratic processes and voicing their concerns about government policies or actions. It can hinder constructive criticism and public discourse, which are essential for a vibrant democracy.

Ways to rectify the law:

There are various ways in which the sedition law in India could be rectified or addressed to address concerns related to freedom of expression and misuse. Here are some possible approaches:

• • • Repeal or amendment: One approach is to repeal or significantly amend the sedition law to align it with international standards on freedom of expression. This could involve narrowing the scope of the law, providing clearer definitions, and incorporating safeguards to prevent misuse.

    • Clarify the definition: The law could be clarified to provide a more precise and specific definition of what constitutes sedition. This would help to avoid ambiguity and ensure that only acts that genuinely pose a threat to national security or public order are covered.

    • Introduce procedural safeguards: Procedural safeguards could be implemented to prevent arbitrary arrests and prosecutions under the sedition law. This may include stricter guidelines for the initiation of sedition cases, requiring higher levels of evidence, and ensuring fair and transparent legal procedures.

    • Judicial interpretation: Courts can play a role in interpreting and applying the sedition law in a manner that upholds the principles of free speech and protects individuals’ rights. Judicial scrutiny and guidance can help prevent misuse and ensure a balanced approach.

    • Promote dialogue and public debate: Encouraging open dialogue and public debate on issues related to the sedition law can help generate consensus and inform potential reforms. Engaging civil society organizations, legal experts, and other stakeholders in discussions can contribute to the development of a more balanced and effective legal framework.

Conclusion:

It is important to note that any rectification or reform of the sedition law should carefully balance the need to protect national security and public order with the fundamental right to freedom of expression, ensuring that legitimate dissent and criticism are not unduly suppressed.

Source: The Hindu, June 17, 2023– page 8

3. Gujarat grapples with destruction after Biparjoy unleashes its fury.

Topic: GS3 – Disaster management

Context:

• • • Cyclone Biparjoy made landfall in Gujarat’s Kutch-Saurashtra region, causing widespread damage.

Disaster management for cyclone:

Disaster management for cyclones involves a comprehensive approach to minimize the impact of the cyclone and ensure the safety and well-being of affected individuals. Here are some key components of disaster management for cyclones:

• • • Early warning systems: Establishing effective early warning systems is crucial. Meteorological departments and relevant authorities should monitor weather conditions and issue timely and accurate warnings about the cyclone’s approach, intensity, and potential impact.

    • Evacuation planning: Identify vulnerable areas and develop evacuation plans to relocate people from high-risk zones to safer locations. Evacuation routes, transportation arrangements, and temporary shelters should be prepared in advance.

    • Public awareness and education: This includes disseminating information on evacuation procedures, emergency contact numbers, and safety precautions.

    • Infrastructure preparedness: Ensure critical infrastructure, such as cyclone shelters, hospitals, and emergency services, are well-prepared and equipped to handle the impact of a cyclone. Regular maintenance and inspections should be carried out to ensure their functionality.

    • Coordination and communication: Establish a robust communication network among relevant authorities, including meteorological departments, disaster management agencies, and local administrations. Effective coordination among these stakeholders is crucial for timely and efficient response and recovery efforts.

    • Relief and support services: Prepare and stockpile necessary relief supplies, including food, water, medical aid, and essential commodities, in advance. Arrange for prompt distribution of these supplies to affected areas once the cyclone passes.

    • Post-cyclone recovery and rehabilitation: Develop strategies and plans for post-cyclone recovery and rehabilitation, including assessing and repairing damaged infrastructure, restoring essential services, and providing support for affected communities to rebuild their lives.

    • Regular drills and exercises: Conduct regular drills and exercises to test the effectiveness of disaster management plans and enhance preparedness. This includes mock evacuations, and coordination drills among various agencies involved in cyclone response.

    • Learning from past experiences: Continuously learn from past cyclone events and incorporate lessons learned into future disaster management strategies. Evaluate the effectiveness of response and recovery efforts, identify areas for improvement, and update plans accordingly.

Steps taken by Indian government recently in this regard:

• • • National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP): The NCRMP, implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs, focuses on reducing vulnerability and enhancing preparedness for cyclones. It involves initiatives such as constructing cyclone shelters, strengthening early warning dissemination systems, and capacity building at the community level.

    • Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP): The CPP, implemented in coastal states, aims to enhance community-based preparedness and response mechanisms. It includes training programs, mock drills, and awareness campaigns to educate communities about cyclones and evacuation procedures.

    • Improved forecasting and early warning systems: The government has invested in enhancing meteorological infrastructure and technology to improve cyclone forecasting and early warning systems. This includes the installation of high-resolution Doppler weather radars, improved data collection systems, and better communication networks.

Conclusion:

Disaster management for cyclones is a collaborative effort involving government agencies, communities, NGOs, and individuals. Building resilience, preparedness, and effective response mechanisms can significantly reduce the impact of cyclones and save lives.

Source: The Hindu, June 17, 2023– page 1

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