2 August 2023 : Daily Current Affairs
DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.
2-August-2023
1. Patna High Court finds caste-based survey of Bihar govt. ‘perfectly valid’
Topic: GS2 – Indian polity.
Context:
- The Patna High Court dismissed all petitions against the Bihar government’s decision to conduct a caste-based survey, giving a boost to Chief Minister Nitish Kumar.
- The Janata Dal (United) and Rashtriya Janata Dal-led government initiated the survey after its demand for a nationwide caste census gained little traction.
- The High Court upheld the survey as “perfectly valid” and in the “legitimate State interest” of providing “Development with Justice.”
- The court ruled that the survey did not violate individual privacy rights and passed the test of proportionality.
Motive of caste-based survey:
- The motive of a caste-based survey can vary depending on the context. In India, caste-based surveys have been conducted for a variety of purposes, including:
- To collect data on the caste composition of the population. This data can be used to identify and address disparities in social and economic status between different caste groups.
- To assess the effectiveness of government policies and programs aimed at addressing caste discrimination.
- To raise awareness of the issue of caste discrimination and to promote social justice.
- In the case of the Bihar caste-based survey, the stated motive is to collect data on the caste composition of the population and to assess the effectiveness of government policies and programs aimed at addressing caste discrimination.
- However, some people have also argued that the survey is motivated by political considerations.
2. GI tags given to crafts from Rajasthan, mangoes grown in Goa
Topic: GS23 – GI tags.
Context:
- The Geographical Indications Registry in Chennai granted GI tags to seven products from across India.
More information about the news:
- Four products from Rajasthan received GI tags: Udaipur Koftgari metal craft, Bikaner Kashidakari craft, Jodhpur bandhej craft, and Bikaner Usta Kala craft.
- Other products with GI tags include Jalesar Dhatu Shilp (metal craft) from Jalesar in Uttar Pradesh, Goa Mankurad mango, and Goan Bebinca.
- Goa Mankurad mango is derived from the Portuguese word “Malcorada” and transformed to “Mankurad” aamo, meaning poor colored mango.
- Goan Bebinca is a traditional Indo-Portuguese pudding and known as the Queen of Goan desserts.
- Udaipur Koftgari metal craft involves making ornamental weaponry with intricate gold and silver wire embedding on metal surfaces.
- Bikaner Kashidakari craft is known for its mirror work and is used on gift items associated with marriages.
- Jodhpur bandhej craft is the Rajasthani art of tying and dyeing fabrics with varied patterns using the tie and dye method.
- Bikaner Usta Kala craft is known for its gold nakashi work, providing longevity to the craft.
Significance: News can be important from prelims perspective.
3. Chandrayaan-3 journey so far.
Topic: GS23 – Science and technology.
4. An increase in the tiger population could escalate the man-animal conflict
Topic: GS3 – wildlife conservation.
Context:
- Karnataka’s tiger population has shown growth, with 563 tigers, the second-highest in India after Madhya Pradesh.
More about the news:
- Concerns arise over man-animal conflict due to the increase in tiger population, especially in habitats with elephants, causing crop damage and human deaths in local communities.
- Some argue that increasing the prey base may reduce the range of resident tigers and prevent them from straying into human habitats, but others caution against artificially augmenting prey population.
- The challenge lies in protecting potential tiger habitats with low densities and strengthening corridor connectivity to facilitate the dispersal of tigers.
- Political and administrative will is required to ensure strict implementation of Eco Sensitive Zone rules and reduce anthropogenic pressure on existing habitats.
Reasons for man-animal conflict:
- Decreasing natural habitats due to human encroachment
- Competition for resources like water and food
- Loss of prey base for predators
- Increase in human population and settlements near wildlife areas
- Crop raiding by wild animals leading to economic losses
- Lack of proper wildlife management and conservation measures
- Illegal activities like poaching and habitat destruction
- Lack of awareness and education among local communities about wildlife conservation.
Way forward:
- Implementing effective conservation strategies and habitat management plans
- Strengthening wildlife corridors and protected areas to allow animal movement
- Promoting community-based conservation initiatives and involving local communities in decision-making
- Creating awareness and education programs about wildlife conservation and man-animal conflict
- Developing compensation schemes for farmers affected by crop raiding
- Enforcing strict anti-poaching measures and wildlife protection laws
- Collaborating with NGOs, researchers, and experts for wildlife monitoring and research
- Integrating sustainable development practices with wildlife conservation efforts
- Encouraging eco-tourism as a means of generating income for local communities while protecting wildlife and their habitats.
Model question: “Explain the concept of man-animal conflict and propose measures to address and mitigate its impact on both human communities and wildlife conservation.”
5. Climate finance adds another layer of inequity to climate change
Topic: GS3 – Climate change
Context:
- Climate justice activists demand economically developed countries to increase investments in climate adaptation and mitigation, including supporting other countries’ efforts to deal with climate change effects.
Why the issue is important? And CLIMATE JUSTICE:
- Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and South Asia have contributed least to global warming but suffer the most from climate disasters and debt distress.
- Carbon dioxide emissions per capita in Africa and India have remained consistently below the global average, while China and developed regions like Europe and Oceania have higher emissions.
- The UAE and the U.S. have the highest emissions per capita despite some decline in overall emissions.
- Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest investment fraction in climate finance (1.3% of GDP) in 2019 and 2020, while the U.S. and Canada had the lowest (0.3% of GDP).
- Most climate finance in the Global South comes from international multilateral climate funds, with economically developed countries being the sources.
- Actual funds disbursed to regions for climate mitigation and adaptation are lower than the approved funds, with most regions receiving only 40% of the approved funding on average.
- Climate vulnerability index shows Sub-Saharan Africa as the most vulnerable region to climate change, and most countries in debt distress or at high risk are also vulnerable to climate change.
6. What can amended Forest (Conservation) Act change?
Topic: GS3 – Forest conservation.
Concerns raised over The Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill 2023:
- The Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill 2023 restricts the scope of the Act by acknowledging only lands officially classified as ‘forests’ under relevant laws or government records as ‘forests’, excluding lands that satisfy the dictionary meaning of forests but are not officially classified as such.
- The amendment removes checks and balances, including forest clearance permissions and informed consent of the local community, for lands not officially classified as ‘forests’, allowing commercial activities on such lands.
- The exemption for border infrastructure projects within 100 km of the national border from seeking forest clearance permissions raises concerns due to the undefined term “strategic linear projects of national importance,” which could lead to misuse and ecological impact.
- The Bill was not referred to the relevant Parliamentary Standing Committee for review, bypassing the oversight function and good practice.
- The Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) did not propose any changes to the Bill despite objections from various groups, including tribal communities, conservationists, and environmental activists. Dissent notes were written by six members of the JPC itself.
- The Ministry of Tribal Affairs also raised concerns about the amendment’s implications on community rights under the Forest Rights Act 2006.
- The Bill’s passage in the Lok Sabha occurred with limited debate, raising concerns about its drastic break from the legal definition of ‘forests’ and uncertainties in its coverage and focus on carbon sinks.
7. Panel submits report on sub-categorisation of OBCs after 6 years
Topic: GS2.
Context:
- The Justice G. Rohini Commission submitted its report on sub-categorization of Other Backward Classes (OBC) caste groups to the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
More information about the news:
- The commission was formed in 2017 and was tasked with examining the concentration of reservation and benefits among some dominant caste groups within OBCs.
- It was also asked to suggest a breakdown of the over 2,600 caste groups on the Central OBC list to ensure equitable redistribution of benefits.
- The commission’s report proposes breaking caste groups into broad categories, with dominant castes getting the smallest share of the 27% reservation and historically crowded-out caste groups getting the largest share.
- The government is expected to hold deliberations on the report’s recommendations, but the report has not been made public yet.
Significance: recommendations can be used in mains answer – and also important for sociology/anthropology optional students.
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