20 June 2023 : Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS

20-June-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1. Archaeologist finds Mesolithic-era rock painting in Andhra’s Guntur.

Topic: GS1 – History

Context:

• • • A rock painting depicting a person tilling land has been discovered in Orvakallu village, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.

More about the news:

• • • The painting was found by D. Kanna Babu, former Superintending Archaeologist of the Temple Survey Project.

    • The painting is believed to be from the Mesolithic Age, around 5000 BC.

    • The artwork was created using natural white kaolin and red ochre pigments.

    • Many of the paintings have been damaged due to exposure to air and wind.

    • The paintings provide insights into the social life and culture of the people who lived in the area.

    • Other depictions include a man catching a wild goat, couples standing with raised hands, and a man holding a plough.

About Mesolithic period in India:

The Mesolithic period in India, also known as the Middle Stone Age, was a prehistoric era that lasted from approximately 12,000 to 2,500 BCE. Here are some key points about the Mesolithic period in India:

• • • Timeframe: The Mesolithic period in India followed the Paleolithic period and preceded the Neolithic period.

    • Hunter-Gatherer Lifestyle: During this period, people relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants for their sustenance. They were nomadic in nature, moving from place to place in search of food and resources.

    • Stone Tools: Stone tools and implements continued to be used in the Mesolithic period, but there was a gradual shift towards smaller and more specialized tools. Microliths, tiny stone blades or points, were characteristic of this period and were used for various purposes such as hunting, cutting, and scraping.

    • Environmental Changes: The climate during the Mesolithic period in India was relatively warm and stable compared to the preceding Ice Age. This led to the growth of forests and an increase in the availability of resources.

    • Rock Paintings: Mesolithic rock paintings, like the one discovered at different places across India, provide valuable insights into the lifestyle, beliefs, and artistic expressions of the people during that time. These paintings often depict scenes of hunting, dancing, communal gatherings, and various animals.

    • Transition to Agriculture: Towards the end of the Mesolithic period, there was a gradual shift from a nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled farming communities as agriculture began to emerge. This marked the transition to the Neolithic period in India.

Source: The Hindu, June 20, 2023 – Page 4

2. Phonons on the chopping block: Are ‘sound particles’ quantum too?

Topic: GS3 – Science and technology.

Context:

• • • A recent study published in Science explores the possibility of using phonons, which are packets of vibrational energy, as units of information in quantum computers.

Why in the news?

• • • Quantum computers use qubits as their basic units of information, and qubits can be particles or quantum systems that exhibit peculiar quantum properties.

    • While quantum computers traditionally use particles like electrons or photons as qubits, the study suggests that phonons could also be used.

    • Researchers from the University of Chicago developed an acoustic beam-splitter, a device that splits sound waves similar to how a beam-splitter splits light waves.

    • The acoustic beam-splitter was placed in a channel of lithium niobate with superconducting qubits on each end to emit and detect individual phonons.

    • The study found that the phonons behaved in a way consistent with quantum mechanics, demonstrating their potential as units of information in quantum computing.

    • However, there is still a long way to go before functional phonon-based quantum computers can be realized, and further research and development are needed.

    • The study expands the possibilities of quantum computing and provides a new tool for researchers to explore in the field.

More about Phonons:

• • • Phonons are quasiparticles that represent collective vibrations or oscillations of atoms in a solid material. They are the fundamental units of lattice vibrations, which are responsible for the transmission of sound waves and heat in solids.

    • Phonons can be thought of as packets of vibrational energy, similar to how photons are packets of light energy.

    • In a solid material, atoms are arranged in a regular lattice structure, and they can oscillate around their equilibrium positions. These oscillations propagate through the material in the form of phonons.

    • Phonons carry both energy and momentum, and they interact with other particles and lattice defects in the material.

    • The behavior of phonons is described by the field of phononics, which is a branch of condensed matter physics. Phonons obey the laws of quantum mechanics and can exhibit wave-like properties such as interference and diffraction.

    • They can also have different modes of vibration, such as longitudinal and transverse modes, depending on the crystal structure of the material.

Source: The Hindu, June 20, 2023 – Page 13

3. India gifts INS Kirpan to Vietnam, focuses on enhancing defence relations, security

Topic: GS2 – International relations.

Context:

• • • India has gifted the indigenously-built missile corvette INS Kirpan to Vietnam to enhance its naval capabilities.

    • The announcement was made by Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh after bilateral talks with his Vietnamese counterpart General Phan Van Gang.

More about the news:

• • • The Defence Ministers reviewed progress on various bilateral defence cooperation initiatives and expressed satisfaction with the ongoing engagements.

    • The focus of the talks was on enhancing cooperation between the defence industries of both countries and maritime security.

    • Means to enhance collaboration in defence industry cooperation, maritime security, and multinational cooperation were identified.

    • In June 2022, India and Vietnam signed an MoU on mutual logistics support, and the Defence Ministers signed a ‘Joint Vision Statement on India-Vietnam defence partnership towards 2030’.

    • India had previously extended a $100 million Line of Credit to Vietnam, which was utilized to procure 12 high-speed patrol boats for the Vietnamese border guard force.

    • INS Kirpan is a Khukri-class missile corvette with a displacement of 1,350 tonnes and various armaments, including surface-to-surface missiles, medium range gun, and close range guns.

Source: The Hindu, June 20, 2023 – Page 14

4. FM calls for efforts to push farmers to cultivate millets

Topic: GS3 – Agriculture.

Context:

• • • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman emphasized the importance of sensitizing farmers to shift towards more profitable and less water-intensive crops such as millets, pulses, and oilseeds.

More about the news:

• • • The finance Minister called for concerted efforts to enhance the digital capabilities of rural financial institutions to promote financial inclusion.

    • The review meeting with National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) focused on ensuring efficiency and positive outcomes at the grassroots level, with the improvement of rural income as a top priority.

    • The Finance Minister instructed NABARD to encourage farmers to increase the cultivation of millets and protect the returns of farmers already engaged in millet farming.

    • The production and marketing of millets, known as ShreeAnna, have been identified as a national priority during the International Year of Millets.

    • The development of digital infrastructure and services in regional rural banks was highlighted as a priority for enhancing financial inclusion.

Source: The Hindu, June 20, 2023 – Page 18

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