22 July 2023 : Daily Current Affairs
DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS 22-July-2023
22-July-2023
The Hindu editorial Analysis & Summary for UPSC exam preparation. Read Daily Current Affairs Notes only at 99notes & clear your UPSC exam.
1.Modi raises aspirations of Tamils with Ranil.
Topic: GS2- International relations.
Context:
- Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe to India and emphasized the importance of implementing the 13th Amendment to ensure a “life of dignity and respect” for Sri Lanka’s Tamil population.
- Both leaders discussed infrastructure projects to enhance connectivity between the two countries and announced a development assistance package for Tamils of Indian origin on their 200th anniversary in Sri Lanka.
Highlights of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s meet with Ranil Wickramasinghe:
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe on July 20, 2023, to discuss the ongoing economic crisis in Sri Lanka.
- The two leaders discussed ways to provide assistance to Sri Lanka, and Modi announced that India would provide an additional $1 billion in financial assistance.
- Here are some of the key lights of the meeting:
- Modi announced that India would provide an additional $1 billion in financial assistance to Sri Lanka. This brings the total amount of Indian assistance to Sri Lanka to $2.4 billion since the start of the economic crisis.
- The two leaders discussed ways to increase bilateral trade and investment between India and Sri Lanka. They agreed to work together to identify new areas of cooperation, such as in the areas of infrastructure, energy, and tourism.
- Modi and Wickremesinghe also discussed the security situation in the region. They agreed to work together to combat terrorism and extremism.
- The meeting was a positive development in the India-Sri Lanka relationship. It demonstrated the strong ties between the two countries, and it showed that India is committed to supporting Sri Lanka through its economic crisis.
2. Rajasthan passes Bills on minimum income
Topic: GS3 – Indian economy.
Context:
- The Rajasthan Minimum Guaranteed Income Bill, 2023′ was introduced by the Congress-led Ashok Gehlot government in the Assembly.
More information about the news:
- The Bill provides legislative backing for urban employment guarantee schemes and makes pension a legal right with a 15% annual increment.
- The legislation guarantees guaranteed employment for at least 25 additional days in a financial year for adults in rural areas.
- It also provides social security pensions for the elderly, specially-abled, widows, or single women with eligibility, with an annual increment of 15%.
- This is the first time the Urban Employment Guarantee Scheme will get legislative backing, while social security pensions become a legal guarantee for the first time with automatic increments of 15% annually.
Understanding the minimum wage system in India:
- The minimum wage system in India operates on multiple levels, with both the central and state governments setting their respective wage rates.
- Each state has the autonomy to determine its minimum wage, leading to significant variations across different regions.
Minimum Wage System in India:
- Dual System: The minimum wage system in India follows a dual approach, where workers are categorized into skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled labor, with different wage rates for each category.
- Diverse Sectoral Coverage: The minimum wage covers various sectors, ranging from agriculture and manufacturing to services, construction, and domestic work.
- Wage Fixation: The fixation of minimum wages takes into account various factors, such as living costs, inflation rates, productivity, and regional disparities.
Challenges Faced by the Indian Minimum Wage System:
- Regional Disparities: With each state independently setting its minimum wage, wide disparities exist in wage rates across different regions.
- Enforcement and Compliance: Despite the existence of minimum wage laws, enforcement and compliance remain a significant challenge, especially in the informal sector, where many workers are not covered under the legal framework.
- Inflation and Cost of Living: As inflation rates fluctuate, the real value of minimum wages may erode over time, leading to a diminishing purchasing power for workers.
- Informal Economy: A substantial portion of the Indian workforce is employed in the informal economy, where wage rates are often lower than the prescribed minimum wage.
- Unorganized Sector: In the unorganized sector, where collective bargaining is limited, workers often have little negotiating power, making it challenging to secure better wages.
Conclusion:
- The minimum wage system in India plays a crucial role in ensuring social welfare and economic justice for the workforce.
- However, its effectiveness depends on the government’s commitment to equitable wage fixation, improved enforcement mechanisms, and addressing regional disparities.
- To achieve a more inclusive and fair labor market, it is imperative to create an environment that encourages formalization, ensures compliance, and strengthens the bargaining power of workers.
Model question: “Discuss the challenges and significance of the minimum wage system in India. Analyze the potential impact of implementing a uniform national minimum wage and suggest measures to address the prevailing issues in the current minimum wage system.” (20 Marks)
3. Centre seeks more social diversity in judges’ appointment
Topic: GS2 – Indian polity.
More information about the news:
- Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal informed Lok Sabha about the appointment of judges to various High Courts since 2018.
- Out of the 604 judges appointed, 454 belong to the general category, 18 from SC category, 9 from ST category, 72 from OBC category, and 34 from Minority category.
- The appointment of judges is done based on recommendations from the Supreme Court Collegium, as per the Memorandum of Procedure.
- The Supreme Court has disposed of around 26,000 cases, and the 25 High Courts have settled over 5.23 lakh cases in the current year.
Significance: Data can be used in mains for answer enrichment.
4. Can’t ask govt. to recognise a language as official one: SC
Topic: GS2 – Indian polity.
Context:
- The Supreme Court refused to direct the Centre to include Rajasthani as an official language in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
- The Bench, headed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud, stated that the subject of the petition involves a policy matter.
- The court cited a 1997 reported decision in the Kanhaiya Lal Sethia case, which established that the inclusion of a language in the Eighth Schedule is a policy matter of the Union.
How official languages are recognised in India:
- Official languages are recognized in India through constitutional amendments.
- The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains the list of recognized official languages.
- State governments or linguistic communities often request the Central Government to include a language in the Eighth Schedule.
- The Central Government evaluates the linguistic, cultural, and historical significance of the language before making a recommendation.
- A Constitutional Amendment Bill is introduced in Parliament to include the language in the Eighth Schedule.
- The bill must be passed by both Houses of Parliament with a special majority.
- After Parliamentary approval, the bill receives the President’s assent.
- The recognized language becomes an official language and is used for official purposes at the Central and state levels.
Official languages in India:
- India recognizes 22 languages as official languages, as listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
- Hindi is the official language of the Union Government, while states can choose their official language.
- English is an associate official language used for official purposes. Other languages enjoy regional official status.
5. Ukraine has started using U.S. cluster munitions on battlefield: White House
Topic: GS2 – International relations
Context:
- Ukrainian forces are using US-supplied cluster munitions in their counteroffensive against Russian forces.
- Cluster munitions disperse multiple small explosive charges that can pose risks to civilians and are banned by many countries.
- The White House confirmed Ukraine’s use of these weapons, stating they are having an impact on Russia’s defensive formations.
What are cluster munitions:
- Cluster munitions are weapons that disperse multiple smaller explosive submunitions over a wide area.
- They are used to target large areas and can cause significant damage to both military targets and civilians.
- These submunitions can remain unexploded on the ground, posing risks to civilians even long after the conflict has ended.
- Cluster munitions are banned or restricted in many countries due to their indiscriminate nature and humanitarian concerns.
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1. Dilemmas…
