23 August 2023 : Daily Current Affairs
Daily Current Affairs
23-August-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.
1. BRICS is a platform for Global South, says Modi
Topic: GS2 – International relations.
Context:
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the role of BRICS as a platform for discussing challenges facing the Global South.
- He departed for South Africa to attend the BRICS summit in Johannesburg.
- The summit marked the first in-person meeting since 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
About BRICS:
- BRICS is an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
- It is a grouping of five major emerging economies.
- The BRICS countries have a combined population of over 3 billion people and a combined GDP of over $20 trillion.
- They are also major players in the global economy, accounting for a significant share of world trade and investment.
- The BRICS countries have held regular summits since 2009.
- These summits have been used to discuss a wide range of issues, including economic cooperation, trade, investment, climate change, and security.
- The BRICS countries have also established a number of financial institutions, including the BRICS Development Bank and the BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement.
Significance of BRICS in changing geopolitical scenario for India:
- BRICS offers India a platform to engage with other emerging economies on global issues.
- It provides an alternative to traditional Western-dominated alliances.
- Enhances India’s diplomatic influence by partnering with powerful economies.
- Aids India’s efforts in shaping global trade, investment, and development agendas.
- Strengthens India’s position on issues like multilateralism, climate change, and reform of international institutions.
Challenges with BRICS:
- Differing priorities and interests among member countries can lead to coordination challenges.
- Varying levels of economic development and political systems can hinder cohesive decision-making.
- Geopolitical tensions among member countries, like India-China border issues, can strain cooperation.
- Complex bureaucratic processes and negotiations can slow down initiatives and agreements.
- Balancing individual national interests with collective goals can be a delicate task.
Model question: What are the primary challenges confronting the BRICS alliance? Suggest strategies to enhance cooperation and address these hurdles for greater collaboration among BRICS nations.
2. Ashok Gehlot launches Mission-2030 to make Rajasthan leading State
Topic: GS2 – governance
Context:
- Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot launched “Rajasthan Mission-2030” to develop Rajasthan as a leading state within seven years.
- The mission aims to gather suggestions from one crore people across various sectors for a vision document.
More about the news:
- Vision document intended to guide policies and programs for Rajasthan’s progress.
- Mission-2030’s goal is not linked to the upcoming State Assembly election, according to Mr. Gehlot.
- Rajasthan has already achieved progress in health, education, and social security sectors.The mission aspires to transform Rajasthan into a developed state.
- Despite advancements, challenges remain, including tapping into vast mineral wealth.
- A dedicated web portal, toll-free number, and outreach team established for suggestions regarding the vision document.
3. NASA, ESA to support ISRO during moon landing today
Topic: GS3 – Science and technology
Context:
- The Chandrayaan-3 mission was launched on July 14.
- Ground stations of NASA and ESA have been aiding ISRO in monitoring the spacecraft since its launch.
More information about the news:
- European Space Agency (ESA) has been using two ground stations from the ESTRACK network to track the satellite’s orbit, receive telemetry data from the spacecraft, and forward it to ISRO’s Mission Operations Centre in Bengaluru.
- ESA utilized its 15-meter antenna in Kourou, French Guiana, and Goonhilly Earth Station’s 32-meter antenna in the U.K. for support.
- The ongoing support from ESA and NASA is particularly crucial as Chandrayaan-3’s lander attempts to touch down on the lunar surface.
- NASA’s Deep Space Network is engaged in providing telemetry and tracking coverage during the powered descent phase.
- These combined efforts are aimed at ensuring the successful outcome of Chandrayaan-3’s lunar landing mission.
4. Understanding the failure of Luna 25
Topic: GS3 – Science and technology
Launch and Failure of Luna 25 Mission:
- Roscosmos launched Luna 25 spacecraft on August 11.
- Luna 25 aimed for a soft landing near the moon’s south pole to study lunar soil and atmosphere.
- On August 20, Roscosmos announced that Luna 25 suffered a technical glitch and crashed on the moon’s surface, ending the mission in failure.
Purpose of Luna 25 Mission:
- Luna 25 was part of Russia’s efforts to establish guaranteed access to the moon’s surface.
- Mission was in the works for over two decades, initially named Luna-Glob.
- Mission aligns with the growing importance of the moon as a spaceflight destination.
- Possibly aimed to demonstrate Russia’s economic resilience despite international sanctions.
Comparison with Chandrayaan 3 Mission:
- Luna 25 and Chandrayaan 3 missions were launched around the same time.
- Both planned for lunar soft-landing within days of each other.
- Mission timelines determined by spacecraft characteristics, trajectory, and other factors.
- Chandrayaan 3’s development started in 2019, Luna 25’s since early 2010s.
- COVID-19 pandemic caused delays for both missions.
Challenges Faced by Roscosmos
- Russia lost goodwill and access to global satellite tracking systems after invading Ukraine.
- Communication with Luna 25 possible only when moon over Russia.
- Limited window for troubleshooting due to communication constraints.
- Roscosmos’s ability to rescue the mission was hindered by restricted communication capabilities.
Future Implications for Russia:
- Russia is falling behind in lunar exploration due to Luna 25’s failure.
- Joint partnerships and collaborations have shown limited success.
- Sanctions limit import of components for future space missions.
- Launch dates for Luna missions 26 and 27 could be pushed further.
- Russia’s role in International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) might become limited.
5. On protecting the biodiversity of the northeast
Topic: GS3 – environment and ecology.
Context:
- Recent case of Re: Cleanliness of Umiam Lake versus State of Meghalaya (2023) highlights environmental concerns in development.
- Meghalaya High Court’s order emphasizes preserving natural beauty while promoting tourism and development.
- Observation on Meghalaya Waterbodies (Preservation and Conservation) Guidelines, 2023, lacking focus on construction near waterbodies.
Why in news?
- Northeast India rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, minerals, and fresh water, but faces environmental challenges.
- Deforestation, floods, and existing industries impact the fragile ecology of the region.
- North East Rural Livelihood Project’s assessment points to ecological fragility, climate change, and biodiversity threats.
- Environmental laws developed in India, but autonomy of District Councils (Sixth Schedule of the Constitution) limits state authority over land use.
- Sustainable policies needed for infrastructure, revenue generation, and employment.
- ‘Negative List’ in North East Industrial Development Scheme (NEIDS), 2017, restricts incentives for entities not adhering to environmental standards.
- ‘Act Fast for Northeast’ policy should incorporate environmental preservation along with trade and commerce.
- Balancing economic growth with environmental protection crucial for a sustainable future.
- Uniform environmental legislation addressing issues across all levels of governance is required.
6. Rules will be made to curb vulgar language on social media: govt.
Topic: GS2 – governance
Context:
- Centre assures Delhi High Court of incorporating rules and regulations to regulate social media platforms and intermediaries for safer usage.
- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology files compliance report, acknowledging court’s observations on regulating social media content.
- Delhi High Court highlights the need for rules and guidelines to manage content on social media and OTT platforms.
- Emphasis on addressing vulgar language and profanity on social media platforms, considering their accessibility to children.
Possible implications of vulgar language on social media:
- Negative impact on public discourse and civility.
- Erosion of respectful communication.
- Exposure of children to inappropriate content.
- Risk of online harassment and cyberbullying.
- Damage to personal and professional reputation.
- Potential legal consequences and penalties.
7. Dhankhar expresses concern over House disruptions, freebies
Topic: GS2 – Indian polity
Context:
- Vice-President and Rajya Sabha Chairman Jagdeep Dhankhar expresses concerns over the impact of government freebies on public and democracy.
- He labels the current state of legislatures as “hotbeds of disturbance and disruptions” leading to their irrelevance.
Impact of house disruptions:
- House disruptions contribute to the decline of democratic values.
- They lead to a perception of legislative inefficiency and irresponsibility.
- Public confidence in legislative bodies diminishes due to disruptions.
- Disruptions hinder constructive debates and lawmaking processes.
- They allow the executive branch to avoid accountability and scrutiny.
- Legislative outcomes are compromised, affecting governance and policy-making.
- Reputation of parliamentarians suffers, affecting their credibility.
- Frequent disruptions erode the effectiveness and relevance of legislatures.
Impact of Government freebies on public and democracy:
- Government freebies create a sense of political dependency among the public.
- They can lead to short-term popularity but hinder long-term development.
- Freebies may undermine the value of hard work and self-reliance.
- Public expectations for more freebies can strain government finances.
- Democracy can be impacted as voters might prioritize freebies over policies.
- Freebies can influence votes based on immediate benefits rather than long-term vision.
- Political parties may compete in offering unsustainable freebies for electoral gains.
- Economic growth and fiscal discipline can be compromised by excessive freebies.
- Freebies might divert attention from important governance and policy issues.
- Overreliance on freebies can distort resource allocation and economic planning.
8. Thai Parliament elects Srettha Thavisin as PM
Topic: GS2 – polity
Context:
- Thai lawmakers approved tycoon Srettha Thavisin as the kingdom’s new Prime Minister.
- He sailed past the 374 votes needed for a majority of elected Lower House MPs and senators appointed by the last junta.
- He secured a majority across the two houses of Parliament.
Polity in Thailand:
- Thailand is a constitutional monarchy, with a king as the head of state.
- The current king is Maha Vajiralongkorn, who ascended to the throne in 2016.
- The prime minister is the head of government.
- The current prime minister is Srettha Thavisin, who was appointed in July 2023.
- The parliament is bicameral, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives.
- The Senate has 250 members, who are appointed by the king.
- The House of Representatives has 500 members, who are elected by popular vote.
- The judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches.
- The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land.
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