26 May 2023 : Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS

26-May-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1. All-in-one policy plan to spread insurance in India

Topic: GS3 – Insurance sector, GS2 – Mechanism for vulnerable sector

Context:

• • • The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDAI) in India is planning to introduce an affordable bundled insurance product that covers health, life, property, and accident risks.

Issue:

• • • The aim is to expand insurance penetration in the country and make insurance more accessible and affordable to all citizens.

    • The IRDA is also working on expediting claim settlements by linking death registries to a common industry platform.

    • These initiatives are part of a broader overhaul that includes legislative amendments and differentiated licenses to attract more investments and niche players in the insurance sector.

    • The IRDA believes that these changes could double the number of jobs in the insurance sector to 1.2 crore.

    • IRDA chief Debasish Panda referred to this plan as “Bima Trinity” and aims to create a transformative moment in insurance similar to the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in the banking sector.

    • The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) is developing a new platform called Bima Sugam to integrate insurers and distributors into a one-stop shop for customers.

    • The platform will allow customers to pursue service requests and claims settlement in one place.

    • The IRDA is also working on a bundled risk cover product called Bima Vistar, which will provide coverage for life, health, property, casualties, and accidents.

    • Bima Vistar will have defined benefits for each risk and aims to expedite claim settlements without the need for surveyors by using parametric triggers.

    • The IRDA is exploring the possibility of enabling banks to have auto-debit authority for premium payments.

    • The IRDA is planning to establish a women-centric workforce called Bima Vaahaks, who will engage with women heads of households to promote composite insurance products like Bima Vistar.

    • Integration of the IRDA platform with digitized birth and death registries of states could facilitate faster claim settlements.

    • The IRDA aims to provide insurance coverage for all by 2047 and is considering the formation of state-level insurance committees and district-level plans.

    • The IRDA has proposed amendments to insurance laws to allow differentiated capital requirements for niche insurers and the addition of value-added services to policies.

    • The amendments would also enable the entry of new players in the insurance industry, including micro, regional, small, captive, and specialized insurers.

2. Why do judges recuse themselves?

Topic: GS2 – Polity

Issue:

• • • Recusal refers to a judge voluntarily withdrawing from a case due to a potential conflict of interest or the perception of bias.

    • Mass recusals can raise concerns about judicial transparency as they may indicate a lack of impartiality or underlying issues within the judiciary.

    • The Supreme Court of India has formulated certain rules regarding recusals, although India does not have codified rules governing the process.

    • Judges in India have the discretion to decide whether to recuse themselves, and their decision is based on their conscience and perception of any potential bias.

    • Reasons for recusals are not always disclosed, which can lead to criticism of judicial transparency, especially in cases of mass recusals.

    • The Supreme Court has outlined factors to consider when deciding on recusals, such as the reasonableness of the apprehension of bias in the mind of the concerned party.

    • Other countries, like the United States, have well-defined laws on recusals, specifying grounds for disqualification and providing guidelines for judges.

    • In the United Kingdom, the law on recusals has evolved through judicial pronouncements, with a focus on the “real danger” test and the perspective of a fair-minded and reasonable observer.

    • Different jurisdictions have varying standards and approaches to recusals, aiming to ensure judicial impartiality and avoid the perception of bias.

3. Amid Centre’s Tamil outreach, historical claims under scanner.

Topic: GS1 – Indian History.

Context:

• • • The decision to install a single (sceptre) from Tamil Nadu in the new Parliament building is seen as part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s efforts to reach out to Tamils and strengthen the BJP’s presence in the state ahead of the Lok Sabha election.

Issue:

• • • Previous initiatives, such as the ‘Kashi Tamil Sangamam’ in Varanasi and the ‘Saurashtra Tamil Sangamam’ in Gujarat, aimed to establish cultural connections between these regions and Tamil Nadu.

    • These events are intended to counter the dominance of Dravidian ideology in Tamil Nadu and promote unity.

    • However, experts question the claims made during the ‘Saurashtra Tamil Sangamam’ about migration from Saurashtra to South India due to Islamic invasions.

    • There is no recorded evidence supporting the claim that the migration was a result of invasions and the destruction of the Somnath Temple.

    • Epigraphist Y. Subbarayalu states that Saurashtra migration to Tamil Nadu likely occurred gradually during the Vijayanagar empire, and there is no inscription confirming a migration from Somnath.

    • The lack of evidence raises doubts about the historical accuracy of the claims made regarding the migration.

4. Evidence thin on govt.’s claims about the sceptre.

Topic: GS1 – Indian History.

Context:

• • • Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman addressed the press in Chennai, expressing that the installation of the sceptre (single) in the new Parliament building is a matter of pride for Tamil Nadu.

Issue:

• • • The government claims that the handing over of the sceptre to Jawaharlal Nehru symbolized the transfer of power from the British to India.

    • Evidence provided by the government includes references from books, articles, and media reports, as well as social media and blog posts.

    • However, a perusal of the documents provided did not establish the government’s claims.

    • Reports from Indian newspapers, including The Hindu, briefly mentioned the presence of the sceptre but did not refer to it as a symbol of power transfer.

    • Time magazine and the book Freedom at Midnight also did not support the idea of the sceptre as a symbol of power transfer.

    • The evidence presented did not indicate that the sceptre was first given to Mountbatten and then presented to Nehru.

    • The only exception was an article in Thuglak magazine written by S. Gurumurthy, which recorded the government’s version based on the memory of Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi.

    • The docket also mentioned a blog post by Jeyamohan, which ridiculed the version of events.

    • The reference to the sceptre signifying the transfer of power was removed from the annual policy note of the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department in Tamil Nadu for 2022-23 and 2023-24.

5. Foodgrains, oilseed harvests will break records, says Centre

Topic: GS3 – Indian economy.

Context:

• • • The Centre has released the “third advance estimates of production of major crops”, indicating record production of paddy, wheat, maize, soybean, rapeseed, mustard, and sugarcane.

Issue:

• • • The estimated foodgrain production for the current agricultural year is 3,305.34 lakh tonnes.

    • Rice production is expected to be 1,355.42 lakh tonnes, wheat production at 1,127.43 lakh tonnes, and maize production at 359.13 lakh tonnes.

    • The production of pulses is estimated at 275.04 lakh tonnes, with moong production higher than the previous year at 37.40 lakh tonnes.

    • Soybean production is estimated at 149.76 lakh tonnes, while rapeseed and mustard production is estimated at 124.94 lakh tonnes.

    • Total oilseeds production is expected to reach a record 409.96 lakh tonnes.Sugarcane production is projected to be 4,942.28 lakh tonnes, an increase of 548.03 lakh tonnes from the previous year.

    • Cotton production is estimated at 343.47 lakh bales, and jute and mesta production at 94.94 lakh bales.

    • The government has set targets of 1,305 lakh tonnes for rice, 1,120 lakh tonnes for wheat, 295.20 lakh tonnes for pulses, and 413.45 lakh tonnes for oilseeds.

6. New committee to keep watch on the cheetah project.

Topic: GS3 – Environment and ecology

Context:

• • • The Centre has appointed a new steering committee to oversee the implementation of Project Cheetah following the death of three cheetah cubs.

Issue:

• • • The committee consists of national and international experts and will be led by Rajesh Gopal, secretary-general of the Global Tiger Forum.

    • The committee’s responsibilities include monitoring the cheetah reintroduction program, advising the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department and the National Tiger Conservation Authority, deciding on eco-tourism in the cheetah habitat, and involving the local community in project activities.

    • The committee will be active for two years and will hold regular meetings and conduct field visits to the Kuno National Park.

    • Members of the committee include scientists from the Wildlife Institute of India, experts from the NTCA, and the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department.

    • International experts on the committee include professionals from South Africa and Namibia who have been involved in the cheetah translocation project.

7. Chinese hackers attacking infrastructure warns U.S.

Topic: GS3 – cyber security.

Context:

• • • State-sponsored Chinese hackers have infiltrated critical U.S. infrastructure networks, including Guam, according to Microsoft and Western authorities.

Issue:

• • • The attack, attributed to a China-sponsored actor known as ‘Volt Typhoon,’ has been ongoing since mid-2021 and aims to enable long-term espionage and potentially disrupt critical communications infrastructure.

    • The affected organizations span various sectors, including communications, manufacturing, utility, transportation, construction, maritime, government, information technology, and education.

    • U.S., Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and U.K. authorities issued an advisory warning that similar hacking activities may be occurring globally.

    • China denies the allegations, calling the Microsoft report a “collective disinformation campaign” by the Five Eyes coalition countries for geopolitical purposes.

    • The hacking activities involve using “living off the land” tactics, leveraging built-in network tools to blend in with normal Windows systems.

8. How do the new U.S. draft recommendations for breast cancer screening impact India?

Topic: GS2 – Legal developments,

Issue:

• • • The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has released a draft recommendation statement on breast cancer screening, suggesting that all women get screened every other year starting at age 40.

    • In India, the Indian Radiology and Imaging Association guidelines have already been recommending screening for breast cancer at age 40 with a biennial mammogram.

    • The new U.S. guidelines do not have a direct impact on India, but compliance with screening is still a challenge, as women typically only get a mammogram when they feel something is wrong.

    • Indian women are affected by breast cancer at a younger age compared to women in the West, with the median age of presentation being 49 years in India and 62 years in the West.

    • The incidence of breast cancer in India has been increasing among women in their 30s, with a higher number of younger patients being diagnosed in recent years.

    • According to a report published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology, breast cancer is now the most common cancer in India.

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