Daily Current Affairs

7-September-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1. ASEAN a key pillar of ‘Act East’ policy: Modi

Topic: GS2 – International relations.

Context:

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi departed for Indonesia to participate in the 20th ASEAN-India Summit and the 18th East Asia Summit (EAS) in Jakarta.
• PM Modi emphasized that ASEAN is a crucial component of India’s Act East policy, highlighting the significance of India’s engagement with Southeast Asian nations.
• The summit will bring together leaders from the 10 ASEAN countries and the EAS, comprising ASEAN members along with Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Russia, and the U.S.

About India’s ‘Act East’ policy:

• ‘Act East’ is a foreign policy initiative by India.
• It expands on the earlier ‘Look East’ policy.
• Aims to strengthen ties with Asia-Pacific countries, particularly Southeast Asia.
• Focuses on economic engagement, trade, and investment.
• Emphasizes strategic partnerships, including defense and security cooperation.
• Promotes connectivity through infrastructure projects.
• Enhances cultural and people-to-people exchanges.
• Positions India as a bridge between Asia-Pacific and major global powers.
• Involves greater diplomatic engagement with ASEAN and regional forums.

Importance of ASEAN countries for India’s Act East policy:

• ASEAN countries are geographically close to India, enhancing regional connectivity.
• They offer significant economic opportunities due to their growing markets.
• ASEAN serves as a gateway to the larger Asia-Pacific region.
• The region is a vital component of India’s trade and investment expansion.
• Collaboration with ASEAN nations bolsters India’s strategic positioning.
• It supports India’s efforts to counterbalance China’s influence in the region.
• ASEAN fosters cultural and people-to-people ties, promoting cultural diplomacy.
• Collective cooperation can address regional challenges and security concerns.
• ASEAN’s centrality in regional forums enhances India’s diplomatic reach.

Mains question:  Discuss the significance of the ASEAN in India’s Act East policy. How does India’s engagement with ASEAN countries contribute to its regional and global objectives?

2. How unemployment is measured

Topic: GS2 – economy

Context:

• Unemployment rate in India was recorded at 6.1% in the 2017 Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), the highest ever recorded.
• In 2021-22, the PLFS reported a reduced unemployment rate of 4.1%, but this was still higher than some developed economies like the U.S.

What is the article all about?

• Unemployment is not synonymous with joblessness, and it is defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as being out of a job, available for work, and actively searching for work.
• India’s informal job sector and the presence of social norms affect how unemployment is measured, making it different from developed economies.

Methodologies is to measure unemployment:

• India uses two main measures for classifying employment status: Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status (UPSS) and Current Weekly Status (CWS).
• UPSS considers an individual as employed even if they worked for at least 30 days in a subsidiary role within the previous year.
• CWS measures employment based on whether an individual worked for at least one hour on at least one day during the seven days preceding the survey.
• The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy uses a shorter reference period, estimating a higher unemployment rate and lower labor force participation rates.
• The COVID-19 lockdown’s impact on unemployment was not accurately reflected in the PLFS, as it covered periods before and after the lockdown.
• The measurement of unemployment in a developing economy like India involves trade-offs between short and long reference periods.
• Understanding how unemployment is defined and measured is crucial for addressing the issue effectively in India.

3. ‘Taking G-20 to the last mile, leaving none behind’

Topic: GS2 – International relations.

Vision of Unity and Global Cooperation

• The philosophy of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (the world is one family) underpins India’s G-20 Presidency.
• The G-20 Presidency emphasizes human-centric progress, transcending borders and ideologies.
• Three critical changes have shaped the post-pandemic world order, including a shift from GDP-centric to human-centric views, focus on resilience in global supply chains, and calls for multilateralism and global institution reform.

Catalyst for Change in the Global South

• The Voice of Global South Summit engaged 125 countries and aimed to mainstream aspirations of developing nations, particularly from the Global South and Africa.
• Greater African participation and the push for African Union’s permanent membership in the G-20 reflect India’s commitment to inclusivity.

Accelerating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

• The G-20 2023 Action Plan focuses on accelerating progress toward achieving SDGs.
• India emphasizes the need for complementary climate action in developing countries and calls for action on climate finance and technology transfer.
• Initiatives like the Chennai High-Level Principles (HLPs) and a global ecosystem for clean and green hydrogen underscore India’s commitment to sustainable practices.

Inclusive Technology and Gender Empowerment

• India showcases the inclusive power of technology, highlighting its success in narrowing inequalities.
• Digital public infrastructure (DPI) and India’s scalable solutions serve as models for financial inclusion.
• India prioritizes bridging the gender digital divide, reducing labor force participation gaps, and promoting women’s leadership and decision-making.

A People-Driven Movement

• India’s G-20 Presidency is marked by extensive outreach, with over 200 meetings in 60 cities hosting nearly 1,00,000 delegates from 125 countries.
• India’s demography, democracy, diversity, and development are experienced firsthand by G-20 delegates.

Promoting Unity and Collaboration

• India’s G-20 Presidency aims to bridge divides, dismantle barriers, and foster collaboration on a global scale.
• The goal is to create a world where unity prevails over discord, and shared destiny eclipses isolation.
• India’s actions align with its pledge to make the global table larger, ensuring every voice is heard and every country contributes to global progress.

4. EU’s Digital Markets Act cracks down on tech companies with a set of guidelines

Topic: GS2 – legal developments.

Context:

• The European Union (EU) is focusing on several major tech companies, including Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, Google’s parent Alphabet, Facebook’s Meta, and TikTok’s parent ByteDance.
• These companies are being categorized as “online gatekeepers” and are subject to the highest level of scrutiny under the EU’s Digital Markets Act.
• The Digital Markets Act outlines rules and regulations to prevent tech giants from monopolizing digital markets.

What is EU’s Digital Markets Act:

• The DMA is a regulation by the European Union (EU) that aims to regulate the largest online platforms, known as “gatekeepers”.
• Gatekeepers are companies that have a strong economic position, significant impact on the internal market, and are active in multiple EU countries.
• The DMA sets out a number of obligations for gatekeepers, such as:
  1. Providing users with the choice of default apps and services.
  2. Allowing users to uninstall pre-installed apps.
  3. Giving businesses fair access to their platforms.
  4. Providing more transparency about how their platforms work.
  5. Prohibiting self-preferencing.
• The DMA is set to enter into force in 2023.
• The European Commission will be responsible for enforcing the DMA, and it can impose fines of up to 10% of a gatekeeper’s global turnover for non-compliance.

5. G20 could pave way for crypto regulation, financial inclusion

Topic: GS3.

India’s G20 Presidency Highlights::

• India’s G20 presidency is poised to make significant contributions to the global financial architecture.
• One of the key areas of focus is the regulation of crypto assets, with a plan to create a global template for effective regulation.
• Multilateral development banks are undergoing reforms based on recommendations from a global expert group, potentially yielding an additional $200 billion in financing over eight years.
• Financial inclusion efforts are also advancing, with India appointed as the co-chair of the Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion.
• G20 leaders will need to ratify these outcomes at the upcoming summit in New Delhi.

6. India looks to invite Quad leaders as R-Day guests.

Topic: GS2-IR

Context:

• The government is considering inviting leaders of the Quad grouping for the Republic Day celebrations next year.
• A final call, sources said, will be taken only after ascertaining the availability of the leaders — President Biden, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida.

How important is such invitations?

• An invitation to be the Republic Day chief guest is highly symbolic from the government’s perspective.
• India has been weaving a strategy with hospitality to decide its chief guest for the Republic Day.
• The choice of chief guest every year is dictated by a number of reasons — strategic and diplomatic, business interest and international geopolitics.
• A formal invitation is usually sent only after ascertaining informally the availability of the leaders.

Details:

• The Indian side is working on those lines since all three leaders of the Quad grouping will be here for the G20 Summit.
• It is India’s turn to host the Quad Leaders’ Summit next year.

7. Marathas with Nizam-era proof to get Kunbi caste papers

Topic: GS2, Prelims

Context:

• The Maharashtra government has decided to provide Kunbi caste certificates to all Marathas from Marathwada who possess a Nizam-era document which recognises them as Kunbis.
• The Maharashtra government has constituted a five-member committee led by a former Justice to prepare the Standard operating procedure (SOP) for issuing the Kunbi caste certificate.

Details:

• The Kunbi community Maharashtra is associated with agriculture related occupation and are grouped under the Other Backward Classes (OBC) category in the state.
• Giving Marathas Kunbi caste certificates would mean that Marathas would be counted as OBCs and would get the benefit of reservation that OBCs get.

About Kunbis:

• Kunbiis a generic term applied to castes of traditional farmers in Western India. These include the Dhonoje, Ghatole, Masaram, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa, Lonare and Tirole communities of Vidarbha.
• The communities are largely found in the state of Maharashtra but also exist in the states of MP, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala and Goa.

8. Engagement with ASEAN key pillar of Act East policy: PM

Topic: GS2-IR, Prelims

Context:

• The Prime Minister is visiting Indonesia to participate in the ASEAN-India Summit and the East Asia Summit

Details:

• Before departing for his visit to Indonesia to Indonesia, Modi said he looked forward to discussing the future contours of India’s partnership with ASEAN countries during his meetings with the leaders of the grouping.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that the comprehensive strategic partnership between India and the ASEAN has injected new dynamism into the group’s ties with New Delhi.
• After the ASEAN-India Summit, the Prime Minister will attend the 18^th East Asia Summit.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

• It is a political and economic organization.
• Founded in 1967 by the 5 South-East Asian nations of Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
• Aim: Promoting economic growth and regional stability among its members.
• 10 Members at Present:
• Cambodia, Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.

The East Asia Summit (EAS)

About:

• The East Asia Summit (EAS) is the Indo-Pacific’s premier forum for strategic dialogue. 
• It is the only leader-led forum at which all key Indo-Pacific partners meet to discuss political, security and economic challenges facing the region, and has an important role to play in advancing closer regional cooperation.

Members:

• The EAS has 18 members – the ten ASEAN countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) along with Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia and the United States.
• India is one of the founding members of the East Asia Summit.

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7 September 2023 : Daily Current Affairs



7 September 2023 : The Hindu Editorial Notes PDF



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Maratha Empire Mains Test



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