14 June : Daily Current Affairs Quiz

Answer:  Option B - A rapid molecular test for diagnosing tuberculosis

Explanation:

• Truenat, developed by Molbio, is a portable, battery-operated real-time quantitative micro-PCR system designed specifically for tuberculosis diagnosis.
• It delivers results in less than an hour and can also test for over 40 other diseases.
• Its effectiveness and portability have earned praise, including recognition at the 77th World Health Assembly for its significant role in improving TB detection and control efforts globally.

Answer:  Option D - Transformer Models

Explanation:

• ChatGPT by OpenAI utilizes Transformer models, specifically the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) architecture, to generate human-like text based on input prompts.
• These models excel in understanding and generating coherent language patterns, making them suitable for a wide range of natural language processing tasks, including conversational agents like ChatGPT.
• Transformer models achieve this through self-attention mechanisms that allow them to process and generate text while preserving context and coherence.

Answer:  Option B - Cellular

Explanation:

• Tuberculosis primarily triggers a cellular immune response. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects macrophages and other immune cells, leading to the formation of granulomas, which contain infected cells.
• T lymphocytes (specifically CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) play a crucial role in recognizing and killing infected cells.
• This cellular immune response is essential for controlling and containing the infection, although tuberculosis can persist latently and reactivate under certain conditions.

Answer:  Option B -  They are resistant to multiple antibiotics

Explanation:

• Superbugs are strains of bacteria that have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, posing challenges in medical treatment.
• This resistance often arises due to misuse or overuse of antibiotics, allowing bacteria to adapt and survive treatments that would normally eradicate them.
• Consequently, treating infections caused by superbugs becomes increasingly difficult and requires alternative strategies beyond standard antibiotic therapy.

Answer:  Option A - Sysmex Astrego's PA-100 AST System

Explanation:

• Sysmex Astrego's PA-100 AST System. This innovation, recognized by the Longitude Prize, offers a rapid diagnostic solution for UTIs.
• It aims to transform infection management by facilitating precise and timely antibiotic treatment.
• By enabling quick identification of pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility, the PA-100 AST System contributes to combating antimicrobial resistance and enhancing global healthcare efficiency.