Answer: Option A - Article 124 and Article 218

Explanation:

• Article 124 of the Indian Constitution deals with the establishment and removal of Supreme Court judges, while Article 218 extends similar provisions to High Court judges.
• The impeachment process requires a motion in Parliament, investigation by a committee, and approval by both Houses with a special majority.
• This ensures judicial accountability while protecting judges from arbitrary removal, maintaining the independence of the judiciary.

Answer: Option B - Investment in plant & machinery and annual turnover

Explanation:

• The government classifies MSMEs based on investment in plant & machinery/equipment and annual turnover to ensure targeted policy support.
• As per the revised criteria effective April 1, micro-enterprises have an investment limit of ₹2.5 crore and turnover up to ₹10 crore.
• Small enterprises up to ₹25 crore and ₹100 crore.
• Medium enterprises up to ₹125 crore and ₹500 crore.
• This revision aims to promote business growth and expansion.

Answer: Option D - Somatic mutations leading to cancer are an example of polymorphism

Explanation:

• Polymorphism refers to the existence of multiple distinct traits or alleles within a population, influenced by genetic or environmental factors.
• It is a key factor in evolution and adaptation. Unlike somatic mutations in cancer, which are acquired and not inherited, polymorphisms are stable and heritable.
• Balanced polymorphism helps maintain genetic diversity by giving selective advantages to certain alleles, ensuring their persistence across generations.

Answer: Option C - Mitochondrial DNA follows the same genetic code as nuclear DNA in humans.

Explanation:

• Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans differs from nuclear DNA in its genetic code.
• While most codons are conserved, some variations exist, such as the UGA codon, which codes for tryptophan in mitochondria instead of being a stop codon in nuclear DNA.
• This distinction arises due to evolutionary divergence.
• The other statements are correct—DNA replicates 5' to 3', histones aid packaging, and telomerase extends telomeres.