25 March : Daily Current Affairs Quiz

Answer: Option D - Afghanistan

Explanation:

• Kurdistan is a geographical and cultural region inhabited by the Kurds, spanning parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.
• However, Afghanistan is not part of this region.
• The idea of an independent Kurdistan emerged after World War I, but it was never realized due to regional opposition.
• While Iraqi Kurdistan enjoys autonomy, Kurdish groups in other countries continue to face political and military challenges in their struggle for self-determination.

Answer: Option A - Collapse of a volcano’s summit after a massive eruption

Explanation:

• A caldera forms when a volcano's magma chamber empties during a massive eruption, causing the summit to collapse inward, creating a large depression.
• Unlike craters, which are smaller and form from explosive activity, calderas can span several kilometers.
• Famous examples include Yellowstone Caldera (USA) and Toba Caldera (Indonesia).
• Calderas may later fill with water, forming lakes, or experience renewed volcanic activity, leading to dome formations within them.

Answer: Option D - Indonesia

Explanation:

• Lewotobi Laki-laki is an active stratovolcano located in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
• It is part of the Lewotobi volcanic complex, consisting of twin volcanoes—Lewotobi Laki-laki (Male Lewotobi) and Lewotobi Perempuan (Female Lewotobi).
• The volcano has a history of frequent eruptions, with the latest major eruption on March 20, 2025, spewing ash clouds over 8 km high, prompting authorities to raise the alert status to the highest level.

Answer: Option C - Afghanistan

Explanation:

• The Harappan Civilization imported lapis lazuli primarily from Badakhshan, Afghanistan, around 1000 BC.
• This deep blue metamorphic rock was highly valued for jewelry, trade, and artistic use.
• Archaeological excavations at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa confirm its presence.
• Afghanistan's Badakhshan province is known for producing the highest quality lapis lazuli, which was extensively traded across ancient civilizations, including Mesopotamia and Egypt.

Answer: Option A - Enhancing professional development of teachers and improving learning outcomes

Explanation:

• The NISHTHA initiative aims to improve the professional development of teachers and enhance learning outcomes by training school heads, teachers, and officials from pre-primary to secondary education.
• It aligns with NEP 2020 by promoting inclusive education, competency-based learning, and digital teaching methods.
• Conducted in a hybrid mode via the DIKSHA platform, it strengthens pedagogical skills to ensure better classroom practices and student engagement.