Answer:  Option A - Articles 124 and 217

Explanation:

• Articles 124 and 217 of the Indian Constitution provide the legal framework for the removal of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
• A judge can be removed for "proved misbehaviour" or "incapacity" following a procedure where both Houses of Parliament must approve the motion.
• The motion must pass with a special majority, requiring two-thirds of the members present and voting, as well as a majority of the total membership.

Answer:  Option D - A periodic cooling of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean

Explanation:

• La Niña is a climate phenomenon characterized by a periodic cooling of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
• It is the opposite of El Niño and typically leads to significant weather changes globally, such as increased rainfall in some regions and droughts in others.
• La Niña can influence the jet stream, hurricane activity, and weather patterns, often causing cooler and wetter conditions in various parts of the world.

Answer:  Option A - Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Explanation:

• The UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) COP16 conference in 2024 was held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• This 12-day event aimed to address global desertification and drought challenges. Despite the increasing costs of droughts, negotiators were unable to reach an agreement on a binding protocol, with disagreements between
• African nations pushing for stricter measures and developed countries advocating for a more flexible framework. Finalization is expected at COP17 in 2026.

Answer:  Option C - A tax imposed based on the price or value of a product

Explanation:

• An ad valorem tax is a type of tax that is levied as a percentage of the value of a product or service.
• The term "ad valorem" is Latin for "according to value.”
• This tax applies to goods and services based on their value, meaning the higher the value of the item, the higher the tax imposed.
• It is commonly used in sales taxes, property taxes, and import duties.

Answer:  Option B - The practice of making false or exaggerated claims about the environmental benefits of a product or service

Explanation:

• Greenwashing refers to the deceptive practice where a company or organization falsely claims or exaggerates the environmental benefits of its products, services, or practices.
• The aim is to appear more environmentally responsible than they actually are, often to attract eco-conscious consumers.
• This misleading marketing tactic can misguide consumers, undermine genuine sustainability efforts, and hinder progress toward real environmental protection and corporate accountability.