26 June 2023 : Indian Express
Indian Express
26-June-2023
The Indian Express, CSE candidates can stay informed about current events and developments in India and around the world.
1. Emergency a black chapter, media role key in a democracy: Yogi Adityanath
Syllabus – GS II
Recent Context – CM Yogi Adityanath inaugurates the Ramnath Goenka Marg in Noida Sector 10.
Ramnath Goenka
- Born in Darbhanga on April 3, 1904.
- He was also a member of the Constituent Assembly.
- He was a fearless journalist remembered for his fierce opposition to former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during the days of the Emergency.
- Ramnath Goenka went to Chennai to learn the newspaper business, following which The Indian Express was launched in 1932.
- He became the emblem of the free press when he resisted the suspension of basic rights during the Emergency between 1975 and 1977.
- In 1988, he opposed the Defamation Bill brought by the Rajiv Gandhi government to curb freedom of the press—a proposed law that was later withdrawn.
- Independent media is the “fourth pillar” of a democracy.
- Ramnath Goenka not only played a frontal role during the freedom movement but also launched The Indian Express to give voice to the people of the country. He spoke for press freedom, contested elections and amplified the voice of the people in Parliament.
- Gita Press was started by the late Jay Dayal Goenka with some of his supporters in 1923 in Gorakhpur. It popularized the Gita and Vedic literature through its magazine Kalyan and editorial programmes to guide people. Its first editor was the late ‘Bhai ji’ Hanuman Prasad Poddar, who had a very good relationship with the Goenka family.
Emergency
- The Emergency period has been heavily criticized and termed the “black days of Indian democracy”.
- The Indira Gandhi government reasoned that there were threats to national security which required such strict measures.
- It is believed that the Emergency was imposed after the 1975 verdict of the Allahabad High Court, which convicted Gandhi of electoral malpractices, disqualified her from the Parliament, and stated that she wouldn’t be able to hold any elected post for the next 6 years. Soon after this verdict, she declared the Emergency.
- Freedom of the Press and some of the Fundamental Rights of the citizens were suspended. All the ongoing protests ended, strikes were banned, and opposition leaders were jailed.
- Prior approval of the government was needed to publish any article or matter; it is called press censorship.
- Sweeping constitutional amendments were carried out, like the 39thamendment, which prohibited SC from hearing election petitions, and the 42nd amendment, which declared that any amendment to the Constitution cannot be questioned in any court.
2. India, Egypt sign pact on strategic partnership as Modi, El-Sisi hold talks
Syllabus – GS II
Recent Context – India and Egypt signed a strategic partnership agreement as Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi held one-on-one talks in Cairo.
Highlights
- The strategic partnership will have broadly four elements: political, defence and security; economic engagement; scientific and academic collaboration; and cultural and people-to-people contacts.
- The Egyptian President also honoured Prime Minister Modi with the Order of the Nile – the highest civilian honour of Egypt. Past recipients include Nelson Mandela, US President Jimmy Carter and Queen Elizabeth II.
- This is the 13th highest state honour conferred upon Prime Minister Modi in the past nine years.
- Both sides also signed three pacts on agriculture, preservation of monuments and archaeological sites, and on competition law.
- The two leaders focused on enhancing political and security cooperation, defence collaboration, trade and investment ties, and scientific and academic collaboration.
Places visited by PM Modi
- The Great Pyramids of Giza on the outskirts of Cairo.
- The Heliopolis Commonwealth War Grave Cemetery in Cairo, where he paid homage to more than 4,300 Indian soldiers who died in Egypt and Aden during World War I.
- Al-Hakim Mosque.
- The Prime Minister met leaders of the Bohra community, who are actively involved in the upkeep of this Fatimid era Shi’a mosque and highlighted the strong people-to-people ties between India and Egypt.
3. AMONG BIDEN’S GIFTS TO MODI, BOOK OFAMERICAN POET WITH NEHRU LINK
Syllabus – GS I
Recent Context – Among the many gifts Prime Minister Narendra Modi received during his three-day state visit to the United States is an autographed first-edition copy of Collected Poems of Robert Frost, published in 1930 by Henry Holt and Company.
Robert Frost
- Recognized as a poet whose work represented the quintessential American life, his poetry combined elements of romanticism and modernism in theme and style.
- Born in San Francisco in 1874.
- Frost won his first Pulitzer Prize in 1924 for New Hampshire, A Poem With Notes and Grace Notes, then for Collected Poems in 1931. He won his third Pulitzer for A Further Range in 1937 and in 1943 for A Witness Tree.
- The only writer to have been awarded four Pulitzer Prizes.
Frost’s India connection
- Frost had found an admirer in India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. Anecdotes of Nehru’s friends and close associates mention his particular fondness for Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.
- Towards the end of his life, beset by health issues and troubled by the reversal in the 1962 China war, Nehru is said to have kept a copy of Frost’s poems by his bedside.
4. Charges dropped, Wagner leader to move to Belarus, his mercenaries leave Rostov
Syllabus – GS III
Recent Context – Fighters of the Wagner group pull out of the headquarters of the Southern Military District in the city of Rostov-on-Don to return to their base.
Agreement mediated by Belarus
- Fighters of the Wagner group returned to their bases in return for guarantees for their safety, and the leader, Yevgeny Prigozhin, will move to Belarus, as per the agreement mediated by Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko.
- Under the deal, a criminal case opened against Prigozhin for armed mutiny would be dropped, Prigozhin would move to Belarus, and Wagner fighters who rallied would face no action in recognition of their previous service.
Wagner Group
- Officially known as the PMC Wagner, the mercenary organization was first identified in 2014 during Russia’s annexation of Crimea.
- It’s essentially a network of contractors that supply soldiers for hire, and the group got registered as a company in 2022 and opened a new headquarters in St Petersburg, as per the BBC.
- Reports suggest that 80 per cent of its troops in Ukraine have been recruited from prison.
- The organization’s owner and head is Prigozhin.
- Close links to prominent people helped Prigozhin expand his business. And after Putin became President, he was awarded a host of government contracts. Prigozhin subsequently earned the nickname “Putin’s Chef”.
- The lucrative earnings in the food industry weren’t enough for the businessman, though, and he eventually got into the sector of providing private military service.
- Besides Ukraine, Wagner Group has reportedly been active in a number of African and West Asian countries. According to media reports, it provides its services to different governments, often in exchange for access to gold and diamond mines.
5. THAW IN PARIS
Syllabus – GS III
Recent Context – Meet in French capital signals small steps towards improving climate financing architecture.
Highlights
- The increase in extreme weather events in recent years seems to have led to changes in the developed countries attitude toward the global climate financing architecture.
- Amongst the positives of the meet was President Macron’s announcement that there is “a good likelihood” of the rich nations fulfilling their pledge for a $ 100 billion annual fund for climate change initiatives in the Global South by the end of this year. That commitment was made in 2009, and developing countries were slated to receive the funds by 2020.
- A course correction could help mend broken fences in the run-up to the COP28 at Dubai in November, when the UNFCCC will take stock of the progress — or the lack of it — towards attaining the goals of the 2015 Paris Pact.
- Yet, the enormity of the task at hand is such that $ 100 billion today represents a fraction of the amount required by the Global South to develop resilience against climate change — a report released at the COP27 last year, for instance, reckons that developing and emerging economies, other than China, will need $ 2 trillion per year by 2030 for energy transition, adaptation, sustainable agriculture and addressing global warming-related loss and damage.
- The IMF announced special drawing rights (SDR) of $ 100 billion to the Global South; France, Japan and the UK also made SDR-related pledges. The World Bank said it will pause repayments “for countries struggling with climate disasters,” but only for repayments. These commitments do indicate a forward movement of sorts.
- However, any reform in the climate financing architecture shouldn’t overlook the fact that loans today constitute the major source of funds. At Paris last week, vulnerable countries reiterated that they require grants and technology transfers. That message shouldn’t be lost.
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