12 May 2023 : PIB

Press Information Bureau

12-May-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The PIB ( Press Information Bureau )

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1.Ministry of Ayush and ICMR sign an MoU to promote and collaborate on integrative health research

Topic: GS3.

Context:

• The Ministry of Ayush and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to promote and collaborate on integrative health research.
• The cooperation will focus on identified areas of national importance in healthcare and aim to generate evidence using modern scientific methods.
• The MoU will strengthen research capacity through training of Ayush researchers.
• The cooperation between Ayush and ICMR is a step towards integrating traditional and modern medicine for the benefit of mankind, as guided by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• The MoU aims to address the challenge of generating scientific evidence in the traditional medicine system and benefit the public at large.
• The establishment of Ayush-ICMR Centers for Advanced Research in Integrative Health at all AIIMS with co-funding is part of the MoU.
• The MoU also focuses on conducting high-quality clinical trials jointly and including research on Integrative Medicine in national ethical guidelines.
• A joint working group will be formed to explore further areas of collaboration and formulate and implement joint research projects.
• The MoU will also enhance research capacity through the development of a curriculum and the organization of conferences, workshops, and seminars on integrative healthcare.

2. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Startup Forum 2023

Topic: GS2.

Issue:

• The Department of Promotion for Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce, organised the third edition of Startup India in the form of the first-ever physical Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Startup Forum in New Delhi.
• The forum aimed to expand startup interactions among the member states of the SCO, which includes India, China, Russia, and several other countries.
• The engagement focused on nurturing the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship, promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing among startups.
• The forum aimed to generate more employment opportunities and encourage young talent to develop innovative solutions.

About Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 2001.
• It was established by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, with India and Pakistan joining as full members in 2017.
• The SCO aims to promote regional cooperation on political, economic, security, and cultural issues among its member states.
  1. Member States: The SCO currently has eight member states: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, and Pakistan.
  2. Objectives: The main objectives of the SCO include promoting cooperation in political, economic, and cultural fields, combating terrorism, separatism, and extremism, and maintaining regional stability and security.
  3. Decision-Making: The SCO follows the principle of consensus-based decision-making, with decisions made through consultation and cooperation among member states.
  4. Regional Security: The SCO focuses on addressing security challenges in the region, including terrorism, separatism, and drug trafficking. It conducts joint military exercises and cooperates on intelligence sharing and counterterrorism operations.
  5. Economic Cooperation: The SCO promotes economic cooperation among member states through initiatives such as the SCO Business Council and the SCO Development Bank. It aims to enhance trade, investment, and connectivity within the region.
  6. Cultural Exchange: The SCO promotes cultural exchange and cooperation among member states, encouraging dialogue and understanding between different cultures and civilizations.
  7. Observer and Dialogue Partners: The SCO has several observer states, including Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, and Mongolia. It also has dialogue partners, which include countries and international organizations interested in cooperation with the SCO.
     

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3.Over 5.25 crore subscribers enrolled in APY, marking 8 years of successful implementation.

Topic: GS3.

About Atal Pension Yojana:

• Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is a government-backed pension scheme launched by the Government of India in 2015.
• The scheme primarily focuses on providing a pension to workers in the unorganized sector who do not have access to formal pension schemes.
• Target Audience: The scheme is aimed at workers in the unorganized sector, such as maids, drivers, gardeners, farmers, and other low-income individuals who are not covered by any statutory social security scheme.
• Pension Benefits: APY provides a fixed monthly pension to its subscribers after they reach the age of 60. The pension amount varies based on the contribution made and the age at which the subscriber joins the scheme.
• Contribution and Enrollment: To enrol in the Atal Pension Yojana, individuals must be between 18 and 40 years of age. Subscribers are required to contribute to the scheme regularly until they reach the age of 60. The contribution amount is determined based on the pension amount desired and the age of the subscriber.
• Pension Amounts: The scheme offers pension benefits ranging from Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 5,000 per month, depending on the contribution made and the age of the subscriber at entry. The pension amount is fixed and determined at the time of enrollment.
• Government Contribution: The government provides a co-contribution to eligible subscribers. Individuals who join the scheme and meet certain eligibility criteria can receive a co-contribution of 50% of their total contribution or Rs. 1,000 per year, whichever is lower, for a period of five years.
• Tax Benefits: Contributions made towards the Atal Pension Yojana are eligible for tax benefits under Section 80CCD of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
• Nominee and Withdrawal: Subscribers can nominate a family member who will receive the pension in the event of their death. Additionally, premature withdrawal is allowed under exceptional circumstances, such as terminal illness or death.

4.Start-ups and Industries can help address Mining Sector Technological Challenges.

Topic: GS3.

Start-ups and technology can play a significant role in transforming and enhancing the mining industry in several ways:

• Exploration and Surveying: Start-ups can leverage advanced technologies such as drones, remote sensing, and geospatial data analysis to improve the efficiency and accuracy of mineral exploration and surveying.
• Data Analytics and AI: Mining generates vast amounts of data, and start-ups specializing in data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) can help extract valuable insights from this data. AI algorithms can analyze geological data, operational data, and equipment performance to optimize mining processes, predict maintenance needs, and improve safety.
• Automation and Robotics: Start-ups can develop and implement robotic systems for various mining operations, reducing the need for human intervention in hazardous environments.
• Environmental Monitoring and Sustainability: Start-ups can focus on developing technologies to monitor and mitigate the environmental impact of mining operations. This can include solutions for real-time monitoring of air and water quality, waste management, and reclamation techniques.
• Safety and Risk Management: Innovative start-ups can introduce technologies that enhance worker safety in mining operations. This can involve the use of wearables, IoT sensors, and real-time monitoring systems to detect potential hazards, prevent accidents, and improve emergency response capabilities.
• Supply Chain and Logistics: Start-ups can develop platforms and solutions to streamline the mining supply chain, optimizing inventory management, logistics, and procurement processes. Blockchain technology can enhance the transparency and traceability of mineral supply chains, ensuring responsible sourcing and ethical practices.
• Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Start-ups can introduce energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy solutions to reduce the carbon footprint of mining operations.
• Digital Platforms and Marketplaces: Start-ups can create digital platforms and marketplaces that connect mining companies with suppliers, service providers, and buyers, facilitating efficient trade and collaboration within the industry.

5.The automation in the steel industry is the need of the hour

Topic: GS3.

Need for automation in the steel sector:

• Increased Efficiency and Productivity: Automation enables the steel industry to enhance its efficiency and productivity significantly.
• Cost Reduction: By automating various processes, the steel sector can lower its operational costs. Automation reduces labour requirements, minimizes material waste, and optimizes energy consumption.
• Enhanced Safety: Steel manufacturing involves hazardous tasks, such as handling heavy machinery, molten metal, and toxic gases. Automation reduces the exposure of workers to such risks by replacing manual labour with robots and automated systems. This helps create a safer work environment and prevents accidents and injuries.
• Quality Improvement: Automation in the steel sector ensures consistent and precise production, leading to improved product quality. Automated systems can monitor and control parameters such as temperature, pressure, and timing with greater accuracy, resulting in higher-quality steel products that meet industry standards and customer expectations.
• Data Collection and Analysis: Automation enables the collection of vast amounts of data throughout the steel production process. This data can be analyzed using advanced analytics and machine learning techniques to identify patterns, optimize production parameters, predict maintenance needs, and make data-driven decisions.
• Environmental Sustainability: The steel industry has a significant environmental impact, particularly in terms of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Automation can help reduce energy usage through optimized operations and better control of energy-intensive processes.

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