Topic: GS2 – International relations – Important International institutions
Context
India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have signed a $170 million policy-based loan aimed at enhancing India’s health system preparedness and response to future pandemics.
The initiative focuses on strengthening disease surveillance, improving healthcare infrastructure, and ensuring adequate health professionals to bolster pandemic readiness.
Analysis of the news:
ADB-India Partnership: Signed a $170 million policy-based loan to enhance India’s health system preparedness and response to future pandemics.
Objectives: Strengthen disease surveillance, ensure quality health professionals, and promote climate-resilient public health infrastructure and service delivery.
Anchored in National Health Policy 2017, Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission, and National One Health Mission.
Reform Areas:
Enhanced disease surveillance and multisectoral response capabilities.
Strengthened human resources for health through legislative reforms.
Expanded climate-resilient public health infrastructure and innovative service delivery.
Implementation: Includes setting up infectious disease surveillance networks, improving governance of One Health approach, and supporting integrated public health laboratories and critical care hospital blocks.
Impact: Aims to ensure universal access to quality and affordable healthcare, contributing to India’s pandemic preparedness and response goals.
Asian Development Bank (ADB):
Establishment: Founded in 1966, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is headquartered in Manila, Philippines.
Mission: ADB aims to reduce poverty in Asia and the Pacific through inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and regional integration.
Membership: Consists of 68 members (49 regional and 19 non-regional), including countries from Asia, Pacific, Europe, and North America.
Governance: Governed by a Board of Governors and a Board of Directors, where major decisions are made by consensus.
Financial Resources: ADB provides loans, grants, technical assistance, and equity investments to its member countries and private enterprises. It mobilises funds from capital markets through bond issues.
Focus Areas: Priorities include infrastructure development, climate change mitigation, environmental sustainability, regional cooperation, and private sector development.
Projects: Funds projects in sectors such as energy, transport, water supply and sanitation, agriculture and natural resources, education, health, and urban development.
Impact: ADB’s investments aim to promote inclusive growth, improve living conditions, and enhance economic opportunities across its member countries.
Partnerships: Collaborates with governments, other international organisations, private sector entities, and civil society organisations to achieve development goals in the region.
PYQ: India has recently signed to become a New Development Bank (NDB) and also the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). How will the role of the two Banks be different? Discuss the significance of these two Banks for India. (200 words/12.5m) (UPSC CSE (M) GS-2 2014)
Practice Question: Discuss the role of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in fostering economic development and regional integration in Asia-Pacific. How does ADB’s approach contribute to sustainable development and poverty reduction? What are the key challenges and opportunities for ADB in its efforts towards achieving these goals? (250 Words /15 marks)
2. INDIAN ARMY CONTINGENT DEPARTS FOR INDIA- THAILAND JOINT MILITARY EXERCISE MAITREE
Topic: GS2 – International relations – Bilateral relations
Context
The 13th edition of Exercise MAITREE, a joint military exercise between India and Thailand, is being held from 1st to 15th July 2024 in Thailand, focusing on counter-insurgency and joint tactical drills to enhance military cooperation and interoperability.
Analysis of the news:
Event: Indian Army contingent departed for 13th edition of India-Thailand joint military Exercise MAITREE.
Dates: Scheduled from 1st to 15th July 2024.
Location: Fort Vachiraprakan, Tak Province, Thailand.
Last Edition: Conducted in September 2019 at Umroi, Meghalaya.
Participants:
Indian Army: 76 personnel, mainly from LADAKH SCOUTS.
Royal Thailand Army: 76 personnel, mainly from 1st Battalion, 14 Infantry Regiment of 4 Division.
Aim: Foster military cooperation between India and Thailand.
Focus:
Joint Counter Insurgency/Terrorist Operations in jungle and urban environments.
High degree of physical fitness, joint planning, and tactical drills.
Tactical Drills:
Creation of Joint Operation Centre, establishing Intelligence & Surveillance Centre.
Employment of drones and counter-drone systems.
Securing landing sites, small team insertion & extraction.
Special heliborne operations, cordon and search operations.
Room intervention drills, demolition of illegal structures.
Outcome: Enhance interoperability, share best practices, develop camaraderie between soldiers of both countrie
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