10 May 2023 : The Hindu Editorial
The Hindu Editorial
10-May-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The Hindu Editorial Summary
1. Salvaging the idea and reality of Manipur.
Topic: GS1, GS2 – Indian society and diversity, governance.
Context:
- It is important to discuss issues around the communal riots that have erupted in Manipur between the Meiteis and Kuki-Hmar-Zomi communities.
Issue:
- Communal riots between Meiteis and Kuki-Hmar-Zomi communities in Manipur have led to displacement, loss of lives, and destruction of property.
- The riots have transformed from ethnic cleansing to genocidal attacks, and the precarity of law and order remains.
- Delay in imposing shoot-at-sight order appears as state complicity, allowing mobs to target and erase lives, properties, and land records.
- The swift imposition of the order in the Churachandpur district contrasts with the delay in valley areas, but extensive ethnic cleansing suggests the radical transformation of Manipur’s geopolitical body.
- The Meiteis have partially succeeded in dissolving tribal land rights in the valley areas, a major grouse against the tribals.
- Post-conflict state building and transformation of state-society relations will be extremely difficult.
- The State must take primary responsibility for the institutionalized riots system and fix accountability to prevent future replication.
- The Chief Minister of Manipur, N. Biren Singh, must resign to restore accountability and trust in the political system.
Importance of recognition and accommodation:
- The stability and territorial integrity of Manipur is secured by genuine recognition and accommodation of territorial rights and identities and functional sub-State asymmetrical institutions.
- Federalism itself is not the problem, but the lack of democracy and the rickety functioning of federal institutions can lead to disorder and state collapse.
- Manipur should learn from deeply-divided societies like Belgium, Canada, and Switzerland that accommodate and institutionalize differences.
- In the post-conflict scenario, a radical shifting of constitutional gear may be necessary for the hills and valley communities to live together under one political roof.
- This may include more genuine accommodation of tribal rights and identities under the Sixth Schedule and a more robust Article 371C.
- The State must withdraw notifications on reserved forests, protected forests, and wildlife sanctuaries and stop targeting communities as “foreigners,” “encroachers,” and “illegal immigrants.”
- Future policy decisions of the State must consistently follow the established procedures of laws.
State going ahead:
- The weak state-society model in Manipur creates an ‘ethnic security dilemma’.
- Institutional trust and legitimacy are necessary to hold together the deeply divided society.
- The state must adopt even-handedness and not cave into the pressure of the majority in its dealings with diverse communities.
- Accommodation of distinctive rights and identities requires respect and conversation in a spirit of give and take.
- Any prolonged conflagrations will be mutually destructive and self-defeating due to the State’s landlocked nature and population admixture.
- Future state-building and accommodation of rights and identities are challenging due to deep-seated hate and mutual distrust.
- Inter-community reconciliation efforts must be initiated immediately for the revival of Manipur as an inclusive idea and geopolitical space of accommodation.
2. Green crosshairs
Topic: GS3 – Environment
Context:
- The European Union (EU) carbon tax is a policy that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
- It involves imposing a tax on certain carbon-intensive products and industries, such as fossil fuels, with the goal of incentivising companies to reduce their carbon emissions and shift towards more sustainable practices.
Issue:
- The EU plans to introduce a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to levy a carbon tax on imports of products that rely on non-green or sub-optimally sustainable processes.
- This poses a significant threat to some of India’s biggest exports to the trading bloc, including iron ore and steel, with carbon levies estimated to range from 19.8% to 52.7%.
- India’s government must react with greater urgency to this trade barrier doused in ‘greenwashing’ optics proposed by the EU, as it could impact a third of India’s iron, steel and aluminium exports to EU members.
- The EU believes the carbon tax is compatible with World Trade Organization norms, but India is looking to challenge that, as well as flagging the incompatibility with the UN’s climate change framework.
- India is considering the option of retaliatory tariffs on EU imports and plans to quantify various carbon taxes levied in India.
- India must play its part as the voice of the global South while at the helm of the G-20 this year and galvanize other nations to take on the EU’s carbon tax framework, as it could have worse implications for poorer countries that rely more heavily on mineral resources than India does.
3.Securing the vote of migrants.
Topic: GS2.
Context:
- Lokniti-Centre for the Study of Developing Societies conducted a study among migrant voters of Bengaluru to find out their voting patterns
Issue:
- Nearly 99% of migrant workers were not registered as voters in Karnataka, and most retain their names on voter lists of their home constituencies
- Migrant workers are apprehensive about registering themselves as voters in any other state apart from their home state due to various reasons such as frequent changes in residence, fear of losing property in their home state, and their inability or unwillingness to bring their families with them
- The Election Commission of India’s proposal for introducing Remote Voting Machines (RVMs) seeks to extend voting facilities to migrant workers who find it difficult to travel to their native place to vote
- 80% of migrant workers supported the proposal for RVMs, while less than 10% expressed apprehensions about this mode of voting
- Migrant workers greatly value their voting rights and consider it their duty and responsibility to vote as citizens of the country
- Many of the migrant workers from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Assam, who were living in Bengaluru and its outskirts, said low and irregular wages and lack of opportunities in their home states were motivating reasons for them to move to a new place without their families
- Migrant workers are happy to move to their home states if they are offered comparatively lower pay to be closer to home and their families
- Elections are an opportunity for people to exercise their fundamental rights, but the votes of migrant voters have been missing for years, and creating awareness about RVMs and ensuring transparency are crucial priorities.
4.Changing patterns of Apple production in Himachal Pradesh. (case study)
Topic: GS3.
Context:
- The use of high-density apple varieties and AI in production is causing disruption in the apple production sector in Himachal Pradesh, India.
Issue:
- The adoption of new varieties has benefits such as increased capital investment and mechanization, but it is not accessible to 95% of apple farmers due to the high cost of investment.
- Rich farmers are shifting to this form of production where the capital cost of investment varies between ₹30 lakh and ₹1 crore, depending on the size of the farm.
- The use of AI in production is being implemented by Fasal, an AI Bengaluru-based company.
- The rootstock plants have shallow roots and require continuous water, making them difficult to sustain without irrigation.
- Government agencies, particularly the extension centres of horticulture universities and Krishi Vigyan Kendras, have failed to keep up with the transformation, and YouTubers are the guiding leaders of this transformation.
- This transformation also points to the near-complete failure of government agencies and the much-touted Krishi Vigyan Kendras.
- The effects of this transformation will soon start showing as most farmers have started tapping water legally and illegally through boring, which could disturb the ecosystem.
- It is difficult to ensure a set pattern of cropping due to geographical and environmental variations, and unseasonal rains could severely impact production.
- Only time will tell whether the new varieties will be able to bear the effects of climate change and help the farmers.
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