13 May 2023 : The Hindu Editorial

The Hindu Editorial

13-May-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The Hindu Editorial Summary

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1. Welfare spending has been getting a regular pruning.

Topic: GS3 .

Topic: GS3.

Context:

• • • The central government expenditure on numerous welfare programmes has declined or has been stagnant in the recent past.

    • It is important to analyse these trends with regard to India’s aspirations and corresponding expenditure levels.

Issue:

• • • The Union Budget has faced criticism for a decline in allocations for welfare schemes in real terms, despite the need for increased welfare spending during the post-COVID-19 recovery.

    • The trend of declining central government spending on critical social schemes began in 2014 when the NDA government came to power.

    • Allocation for the Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 scheme, which addresses child malnutrition, decreased from 0.13% of GDP in 2014-15 to 0.07% in 2023-24.

    • The budget allocation for the mid-day meal scheme decreased by 50% as a share of GDP, from 0.08% in 2014-15 to 0.04% in 2023-24.

    • The PM Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) budget is significantly below the required amount to cover all eligible women and births under the National Food Security Act (NFSA).

    • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and National Food Security Act (NFSA) allocations as a share of GDP have declined since 2014, despite their importance during the pandemic.

    • Real wages of casual workers have grown at a slow rate, calling for a reorientation of economic policies to focus on wage growth drivers.

    • Allocations for the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), which provides pensions and monetary assistance, have declined as a share of GDP.

    • Central expenditure on school education has steadily declined, even after the pandemic led to increased primary dropout rates.

    • Healthcare expenditure has seen a slight increase, but India still faces low vaccination rates and high out-of-pocket expenditure on health.

    • The share of social expenditure in GDP should ideally be rising over time, but it has decreased in India.

    • The government should consider recovering revenue foregone due to tax concessions to address fiscal concerns and increase welfare spending.

    • India’s low coverage by social security schemes contributes to its stagnant Human Development Index rank and rising malnutrition levels.

2. Diagnostic imaging of the Rajasthan Right to Health Act.

Topic: GS3.

Context:

• • • The Rajasthan Right to Health (RTH) Act, passed in April, has sparked controversy and disagreement.

    • While public health activists generally support it, many doctors consider it draconian.

    • However, there are overlooked aspects of the Act that raise concerns and make it unsuitable as a model for other states.

Issue:

• • • The Rajasthan Right to Health (RTH) Bill underwent significant changes during the select committee review, resulting in the amended version that sparked protests.

    • Positive additions in the amended Bill include new definitions, the introduction of “designated health care centres,” and a reimbursement clause for unpaid emergency care.

    • However, the composition of the State and district health authorities was altered, reducing representation from the alternative medical systems and public health experts in favour of medical education representatives and Indian Medical Association (IMA) representatives.

    • The powers of administration organs were restricted, and the grievance redress system was overhauled, potentially leading to conflicts of interest and inadequate handling of patient grievances.

    • The RTH Act lacks representation from the public health fraternity and does not adequately address health promotion, disease prevention, and social determinants of health like nutrition.

    • Private multi-speciality hospitals with less than 50 beds and those not availing concessions or subsidised land/buildings from the government are temporarily excluded from the law, which disproportionately affects small and medium hospitals.

    • Ambiguities in definitions, such as “emergency,” can be addressed through collaboration rather than demanding an outright repeal of the Bill.

    • Legal pronouncements should be meticulously drafted to preempt opposition, and the government should not solely prioritise organised medical interests but consider the broader social dimensions of health and legislation.

    • Governments should ensure financial preparedness before enacting radical legislation, as providing healthcare is their obligation, not solely that of healthcare providers who may suffer livelihood challenges.

3.AYUSH’s collaboration with ICMR for scientific validation is the right step.

Topic: GS3.

Context:

• • • The Ministry of AYUSH and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) have collaborated to conduct quality human clinical trials on the benefits of combining Ayurveda with modern medicine.

Issue:

• • • Initially, the collaboration will focus on Ayurveda, with other systems of AYUSH (yoga, unani, Siddha, and homoeopathy) potentially included later.

    • An expert committee will determine the disease conditions to be studied, and clinical trials will compare modern medicine alone with a combination of Ayurveda and modern medicine.

    • The aim is to scientifically validate the superior outcomes of integrated therapy and offer integrated medicine to patients.

    • The collaboration with ICMR addresses the lack of scientific validation and anecdotal evidence currently associated with AYUSH interventions.

    • The initiative represents the first major step toward an evidence-based approach for validating medical interventions in the field of alternative medicine in India.

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