19 May 2023 : The Hindu Editorial
The Hindu Editorial
19-May-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The Hindu Editorial Summary
1. A long-drawn test for India’s diplomatic skills
Topic: GS2 – IR
Context:
- Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is embarking on a week-long journey to Japan, Papua New Guinea, and Australia, focusing on substantive global issues and India’s position in the multilateral sphere.
Issue:
- Bilateral issues will take a back seat during this trip, with discussions centred around G-7 outreach and India’s role in the Indo-Pacific “coalition of democracies.”
- The Quad Summit has been cancelled, but the Quad leaders will meet on the sidelines of the G-7.
- After his return, the Prime Minister will host the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit, which will include leaders from China, Russia, Pakistan, and other countries.
- India finds comfort in the SCO’s common stand against unilateral sanctions, such as those against Russia.
- Modi will also engage with European Union leaders and attend the BRICS summit in South Africa to discuss an alternative payment mechanism and build a counter-narrative to the U.S.-EU combine.
- In September, the Prime Minister will host the G-20 summit in Delhi, where global leaders, including those from the UN Security Council, will visit.
- India aims to strike a balance in its engagements and maintain a “sweet spot” without aligning with any particular bloc.
- Potential events that could disrupt India’s careful balancing act include Ukraine’s success in its offensive, Chinese aggression, or Russia’s belligerence overpayment or defence supplies.
- India’s tasks ahead include securing consensus among Moscow and Beijing at the SCO and BRICS summits for a joint communique at the G-20 summit.
- The success of the next 100 days will determine whether India can maintain its reputation for balancing conflicting interests and being a successful host for the G-20.
2. Money is about more than just survival
Topic: GS1 – Society
Issue:
- Bernie Sanders blames unfettered capitalism for income and wealth inequality and proposes confiscating 100% of income above $999 million.
- Studies by Daniel Kahneman, Angus Deaton, and Matt Killingsworth suggest that money increases happiness and well-being.
- Swedish researchers Mikael Persson and Anders Sundell found that the rich have a higher likelihood of getting what they want from policy and politics in European countries.
- Political scientist Martin Gilens’ study in the U.S. shows that policy outcomes reflect the preferences of the most affluent, not those of poor or middle-income Americans.
- The influence of wealthy individuals and campaign contributions in policymaking is a factor in the power of the rich.
- Studies in Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, and Norway confirm the pattern of high-income citizens receiving the most policy responsiveness.
- Billionaires often play a role in creating policies, contradicting the belief that they are policy failures.
Money has a broader impact beyond survival and can influence policy outcomes and societal power dynamics.
3. India must invest in infrastructure that boosts defence against disasters.
Topic: GS3 – Security
Context:
- India, with its dependence on rain-fed agriculture and a long coastline, will face significant challenges due to climate change.
Issue:
- The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) projects that the global near-surface temperature will be 1.1°-1.8°C higher than the 1850-1900 average between 2023 and 2027.
- There is a 66% chance that the global near-surface temperature will exceed 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels in at least one year before 2027.
- The WMO warns that breaching the 1.5°C threshold can have disastrous consequences for global warming.
- Current climate policies are not aligned with keeping temperature-rise below 1.5°C, and the globe is on track to exceed 2°C by the end of the century.
- At least one year between 2023 and 2027 is expected to be the hottest on record.
- The positive phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is likely, leading to warmer Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean temperatures and potential impacts on monsoon rainfall in India.
- Hotter oceans contribute to stronger cyclones, as evidenced by Cyclone Mocha’s impact on Myanmar.
- Developing resilience and investing in disaster-related infrastructure is crucial for India’s ability to cope with climate-related risks.
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