26 June 2023 : The Hindu Editorial
The Hindu Editorial
26-June-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The Hindu Editorial Summary
1. Outreach to diaspora and statesmanship
Topic: GS2 – Indian diaspora.
Context:
- Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin addressed the Tamil diaspora in Tokyo during his overseas tour in May 2023.
- The purpose of his speech was to attract investments to the state of Tamil Nadu.
- In the light of this news, it is important to understand the status and significance of Indian diaspora across the world from various perspectives.
Status of Indian diaspora across foreign countries:
- The Indian diaspora is the largest diaspora in the world, with over 32 million people of Indian origin living outside of India.
- The Indian diaspora is spread across over 100 countries, with the largest concentrations in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.
Significance of Indian Diaspora for India:
- Economic Contribution: The Indian diaspora plays a crucial role in contributing to India’s economy through remittances, investments, and trade. Remittances sent by overseas Indians contribute significantly to India’s foreign exchange reserves and support the country’s balance of payments. Additionally, diaspora members often invest in businesses and industries in India, fostering economic growth and job creation.
- Knowledge and Skills Transfer: The Indian diaspora consists of highly skilled professionals, entrepreneurs, and academics who possess valuable knowledge and expertise. Many diaspora members have excelled in various fields, including technology, science, medicine, finance, and academia. They often engage in knowledge-sharing, collaborations, and mentorship programs, benefiting India’s development in these sectors.
- Cultural Diplomacy and Soft Power: The Indian diaspora serves as a powerful cultural bridge between India and their adopted countries. They promote Indian culture, traditions, art, music, cuisine, and festivals, enhancing India’s soft power and global image. Through cultural exchanges, diaspora members foster understanding, appreciation, and connections between India and other nations.
- Political Influence and Advocacy: The Indian diaspora wields political influence in their adopted countries, often organizing themselves into community organizations and interest groups. They actively participate in local politics, advocating for issues of importance to the Indian community and India’s interests. This influence helps in promoting Indian policies, strengthening bilateral relations, and addressing the concerns of the diaspora.
- Diaspora Networks and Investments: The Indian diaspora forms extensive networks across different countries, facilitating trade, investments, and collaborations between India and their host nations. These networks serve as valuable channels for business opportunities, technology transfers, and market access for Indian companies.
- Brain Gain and Return Migration: Many highly skilled and talented members of the Indian diaspora have returned to India, bringing back their expertise, experience, and global perspectives. This brain gain contributes to various sectors, including academia, research, innovation, and entrepreneurship, driving India’s development and competitiveness.
- Philanthropy and Social Development: The Indian diaspora actively engages in philanthropic activities, supporting social development initiatives in India. They contribute to educational programs, healthcare projects and poverty alleviation, making a positive impact on society.
Challenges faced by Indian diaspora:
- Discrimination and Racism: Indian diaspora members may face discrimination and racism based on their ethnicity, religion, or appearance in their host countries. They may encounter prejudice, stereotypes, and bias, which can negatively impact their social interactions and opportunities.
- Integration and Assimilation: Integrating into the host society and navigating social norms, customs, and systems can be challenging for the diaspora. Language barriers, cultural differences, and unfamiliar social structures may pose obstacles to successful integration.
- Legal and Immigration Issues: Diaspora members may encounter legal and immigration challenges, such as obtaining visas, work permits, and citizenship in their host countries. Immigration policies, visa restrictions, and changing regulations can create uncertainties and difficulties for the diaspora.
- Social and Family Ties: Being physically distant from their extended families and support networks in India can be emotionally challenging for the diaspora. Maintaining strong social ties, coping with homesickness, and preserving family connections require extra effort and resources.
- Economic and Career Challenges: Diaspora members may face barriers to career advancement, such as limited recognition of foreign qualifications or lack of familiarity with local job markets. They may also encounter wage disparities, glass ceilings, or limited access to professional networks and opportunities.
- Mental Health and Well-being: The diaspora may experience mental health challenges related to cultural adjustment, identity issues, social isolation, discrimination, and the pressures of straddling multiple cultures.
- Political and Social Representation: Advocating for their rights, addressing issues that affect the community, and fostering political engagement may require collective efforts and effective advocacy.
To address the challenges faced by the Indian diaspora and facilitate their integration and well-being, the following steps can be taken:
- Community Support: Establish community organizations and networks to provide support, resources, and guidance to the diaspora. These platforms can offer assistance with cultural integration, language learning, professional development, and addressing common challenges.
- Cultural Preservation: Promote and facilitate the preservation of Indian culture, language, and traditions among the diaspora. Encourage community events, festivals, language classes, and cultural exchanges to foster a strong sense of identity and belonging.
- Legal Support: Provide legal assistance and guidance to address immigration, citizenship, and other legal issues faced by the diaspora. Advocate for fair immigration policies and ensure that diaspora members are aware of their rights and legal options.
- Political Engagement: Encourage diaspora members to actively participate in political processes, both in host countries and in India. Support their political representation, advocate for their interests, and foster partnerships between diaspora organizations and relevant stakeholders.
- Digital Connectivity: Leverage technology and digital platforms to create virtual communities, facilitate information sharing, and bridge the geographical gap between the diaspora and India.
- Government Support: Governments, both in India and host countries, should develop policies and initiatives that support the welfare and integration of the diaspora. This can include bilateral agreements, consular services, and programs specifically designed to address the needs of the diaspora.
Conclusion:
By implementing these measures, the Indian diaspora can be better supported, their challenges addressed, and their contributions harnessed for the benefit of both the diaspora community and India as a whole.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/outreach-to-diaspora-and-statesmanship/article67009024.ece
2. A new regime: on the Emergency Use Authorisation regime in India and clinical trials.
Topic: GS3 – Pharmaceutical Industry.
Context:
- The Drug Controller General of India has cleared a new mRNA vaccine developed by Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, effective against the Omicron variant.
- The new vaccine, GEMCOVAC-OM, showcases India’s capability to produce mRNA vaccines quickly and at scale.
More about the news:
- Emergency use authorizations (EUAs) allowed for accelerated vaccine development and approvals during the pandemic.
- India’s regulatory system historically focused on evaluating approved formulations from abroad, but a credible regime for new drugs and vaccines is still developing.
- The article suggests the need for a streamlined regulatory process that prioritizes safety and adverse reaction monitoring while eliminating non-essential steps.
- While flexibility for accelerated approvals should be maintained, India should establish a credible and independent regulatory regime for new drugs and vaccines.
About Drug Controller General of India:
The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) is the regulatory authority responsible for the regulation and control of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and clinical trials in India. Here are some key points about the DCGI:
- Role: The DCGI is responsible for ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of drugs and medical devices in India. It oversees the approval, licensing, and regulation of pharmaceutical products and medical devices in the country.
- Regulatory Functions: The DCGI is involved in various regulatory functions, including the approval and registration of new drugs and medical devices, granting licenses to manufacture and sell drugs, monitoring and inspecting pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, and enforcing compliance with regulatory standards.
- Clinical Trials: The DCGI plays a crucial role in regulating clinical trials conducted in India. It approves and monitors clinical trial protocols, ensures ethical conduct in trials, and assesses the safety and efficacy of investigational products before granting permission for trials.
- Collaboration and International Cooperation: The DCGI collaborates with national and international regulatory authorities and organizations to exchange information, harmonize regulatory standards, and ensure compliance with global best practices.
- Post-Marketing Surveillance: The DCGI oversees post-marketing surveillance activities to monitor the safety and effectiveness of drugs and medical devices once they are approved and available in the market.
About The new vaccine, GEMCOVAC-OM:
- GEMCOVAC-OM is an mRNA-based vaccine developed by Gennova Biopharmaceuticals.
- It is the first mRNA vaccine in India that has been approved for use against the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.
- GEMCOVAC-OM is a thermo-stable vaccine, which means that it does not require ultra-cold chain storage. This makes it easier to transport and store, which could help to increase its availability in India and other developing countries.
- GEMCOVAC-OM is administered intradermally, which means that it is injected into the skin rather than into the muscle. This is a less painful and invasive method of vaccination, which could make it more acceptable to some people.
What is Emergency Use Authorisation:
- Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) is a regulatory mechanism that allows the use of medical products, including vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostic tests, during public health emergencies such as pandemics.
- It is a temporary measure implemented by regulatory authorities to expedite access to critical medical interventions when there is an urgent need and when the available scientific evidence suggests their potential benefits outweigh the risks.
- The process of Emergency Use Authorization involves an accelerated review of safety, efficacy, and quality data provided by the manufacturer or developer of the medical product.
- It’s important to note that Emergency Use Authorization is a regulatory pathway specific to emergencies and does not replace the standard regulatory approval process. Once additional data is collected and analyzed, the manufacturer may seek full approval or licensure for the product through the regular channels.
- Overall, Emergency Use Authorization allows for expedited access to medical interventions in critical situations, ensuring that potentially life-saving treatments are available to address public health emergencies promptly.
Note: For more details, refer The Hindu editorial – 20 June 2023 AND PIB – 21 June 2023.
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