6 June 2023 : The Hindu Editorial
The Hindu Editorial
6-June-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The Hindu Editorial Summary
1. In the short term, stabilise the Line of Actual Control
Topic: GS3 – Security
Context:
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The situation on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China has remained tense, with incidents of transgressions and stand-offs.
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Issue:
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The mobilization of Chinese forces into Tibet after the Galwan crisis and the increase in rhetoric and jingoism in both countries have raised concerns about a major conflict.
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A permanent solution to the border problem is complex due to territorial claims and political constraints on both sides.
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Short-term but effective steps should be taken to stabilize the LAC and reduce the possibility of conflict.
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Previous agreements between India and China have shown inadequacies in addressing LAC-related disputes and lack clarity on defining the LAC.
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Joint mechanisms to verify and settle disputes have not yielded significant results, and the paucity of Border Personnel Meeting (BPM) points hinders constructive engagement.
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Reduction and redeployment of forces along the LAC has seen no progress.
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While firmness is necessary, understanding the reasons for rising clashes and addressing them is important.
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Steps to bring peace and stability on the LAC include delineating the LAC as a Line of Control (LC) on maps and the ground, treating disputed areas as no entry zones or allowing joint patrolling, and strengthening existing Confidence Building Measures and engagement mechanisms.
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2. India must bring pump prices of petrol and diesel in line with global oil prices
Topic: GS2 – Indian economy.
Context:
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OPEC+ has agreed to extend production cuts into 2024 to prevent oil prices from falling amid concerns about a global economic slowdown.
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Issue:
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Saudi Arabia has voluntarily pledged to reduce output by an additional 1 million barrels per day in July.
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India, which imports over 80% of its crude oil, is concerned about the potential impact of supply curtailment on global oil prices.
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However, India has increased its purchases of Russian crude, which has led to a decline in the price it pays for imported oil.
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The average monthly price of India’s crude oil basket has declined by 38% since its peak in June 2022.
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Despite the decline in crude purchase prices, retail prices of petrol and diesel in India have remained unchanged.
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Policymakers should reassess their stance on fuel prices, considering easing retail inflation and sluggish private consumption spending.
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Bringing oil products under the ambit of GST to rationalize fuel prices may not happen soon, but the central government can provide a fiscal boost by reducing its levies on transport fuels.
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3. The Railways must not lose focus on safety as it expands its services
Topic: GS2 – Indian Railways.
Context:
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A tragic rail accident in Balasore, Odisha, involving the collision of three trains has highlighted the challenges in modernizing and expanding India’s rail services.
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Issue:
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The accident resulted in the death of at least 275 people and over 900 injuries, making it the worst rail accident in two decades.
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A similar incident was narrowly avoided in February due to an alert loco pilot and moderate train speed, revealing faults in the signalling system and human errors.
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India’s rail infrastructure carries nearly 15 million passengers daily, with plans for improvement and a substantial budget allocated for capital expenditure.
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While the number of accidents per million train kilometers has decreased over the past decade, poor maintenance, overstretched staff, and inadequate safety measures remain concerns.
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The Railways must prioritize safety over speed and address issues of maintenance, rolling stock, and staff capacity.
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The Balasore accident may undergo a Central Bureau of Investigation probe, but more crucial will be the corrective measures taken by the Railways at operational and planning levels.
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The Railways will need to allocate additional resources to modernize and prioritize safety, even as development plans for passenger amenities and high-speed trains continue.
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4.Dealing with deepfakes
Topic: GS2 – Technology developments.
Context:
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Deepfakes are media elements, including images and videos, created using deep learning that contain false information and aim to distort reality.
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Deepfakes are an “upgrade” from photoshopping as they surpass human skill and use machine processing to falsify media with fewer imperfections.
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Issue:
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Deepfakes have been used for malicious purposes such as creating fake videos of prominent figures, hacking facial recognition software, and producing “revenge porn.”
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Deepfakes have also been used for positive applications like restoring voices for individuals with disabilities and enhancing creativity in comedy, cinema, music, and gaming.
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The technology is both disruptive and redeemable, and the focus should be on responsible use and regulation to prevent misuse.
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Laws should be established to regulate the use of deepfakes and punish bad-faith actors, while allowing democratic inputs to shape the future of the technology.
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Protecting against the manipulation of hyper-realistic digital representations of image and voice should be considered a fundamental moral right.
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It is important for individuals to become scientifically, digitally, and public-spiritedly literate to identify and address deepfakes.
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China has taken strong measures by banning deepfaked visuals without permission and appropriate watermarking, leveraging its existing surveillance network.
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Other approaches require self-restraint and depend on the ethics and values of individuals and society.
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For Enquiry
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