Continents cover 29% of the surface of the earth and the remainder is under oceanic waters.The position of Continents and Oceans bodies has not been constant but it has been changing in the past. This chapter deals with the various theories related to the movement of the ocean and Continents. For a long time, many…
The processes which occur on the surface of the earth under the influence of exogenic forces are termed exogenic processes or exogenic geomorphic processes. They derive energy from the atmosphere determined by ultimate energy from the sun, potential energy arising from the gravitational attraction of the Earth and gradients created by tectonic factors. They are…
Pedologists define soil as a collection of natural bodies on the earth’s surface containing living matter supporting or capable of supporting plants. Soil is a dynamic medium in which many chemical, physical and biological activities go on constantly. Soil is a result of decay, it is also the medium for growth. It is a changing…
Madhvacharya was a revered Hindu philosopher and theologian, made a lasting impact on Indian philosophy. He is best known for introducing the Dvaita (dualistic) school of Vedanta, which proposed a fundamental distinction between the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman). Who was Madhvacharya? Early Life of Madhvacharya Madhvacharya also known a Purna -Prajna…
Civil Disobedience Movements Civil Disobedience Movement, one of the most pivotal episodes in India’s struggle for independence from British rule, was launched under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. This non-violent movement aimed at defying British laws through Civil disobedience, marked a significant escalation from the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement, emphasizing not just refusal to…
Magadha Empire The Magadha Empire was a significant ancient Indian kingdom, renowned for its contribution to India history and culture. Magadha Empire was Located in Current Day Bihar. Magadha Empire was founded by King Brihadratha, this foundational period, dating back to the 6th century BCE. With time it became a political and cultural hub under…
Megaliths Megaliths are large stone structures built a long time ago, during the Stone and Bronze Ages. These big stones were set up by people in different ways, like in circles or standing alone, and can be found all over the world, including places like Europe, Asia, and Africa. People in the past used them…
Administrative Unification under the British Empire The establishment of the British Empire allowed not only the political unification of the country but also Administrative and Economic unification. Pre-British India was divided into many feudal states, frequently struggling among themselves to extend their boundaries. A conception of unity existed, but that was limited to ‘geographical Unity’…
Annexation of Sindh & Punjab by British By 1818, the entire Indian subcontinent, except Punjab and Sindh, had been brought under British rule. They directly ruled some states, while in others, the British exercised paramount power. These areas were brought under British control through subsidiary alliance, the Principle of Paramountcy and, in several cases, through…
Debate on future strategy after civil Disobedience movement In the Aftermath of the withdrawal of the Civil Disobedience Movement, a debate emerged among the nationalists regarding the future course of action in the near term. Different debate was initiated as follows: While Gandhi emphasized constructive work, which he thought would consolidate the masses for the…