The differences between the moderates and the extremists led to the split in Congress and the exit of the extremists from Congress in the Surat session of Congress in 1907. After this, Congress was in a condition of almost total inactivity. Politics in the aftermath of the Surat split Inactivity within Congress: Many moderate leaders…
The Second World War The second world war broke out in September 1939 with the German invasion of Poland. Earlier, Germany had occupied Austria in 1938 and Czechoslovakia in 1939. Britain and France, which had been following a policy of appeasement towards Hitler, now came for Poland’s aid and declared war on Germany. The war…
Madhvacharya was a revered Hindu philosopher and theologian, made a lasting impact on Indian philosophy. He is best known for introducing the Dvaita (dualistic) school of Vedanta, which proposed a fundamental distinction between the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman). Who was Madhvacharya? Early Life of Madhvacharya Madhvacharya also known a Purna -Prajna…
Civil Disobedience Movements Civil Disobedience Movement, one of the most pivotal episodes in India’s struggle for independence from British rule, was launched under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. This non-violent movement aimed at defying British laws through Civil disobedience, marked a significant escalation from the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement, emphasizing not just refusal to…
Magadha Empire The Magadha Empire was a significant ancient Indian kingdom, renowned for its contribution to India history and culture. Magadha Empire was Located in Current Day Bihar. Magadha Empire was founded by King Brihadratha, this foundational period, dating back to the 6th century BCE. With time it became a political and cultural hub under…
Megaliths Megaliths are large stone structures built a long time ago, during the Stone and Bronze Ages. These big stones were set up by people in different ways, like in circles or standing alone, and can be found all over the world, including places like Europe, Asia, and Africa. People in the past used them…
Administrative Unification under the British Empire The establishment of the British Empire allowed not only the political unification of the country but also Administrative and Economic unification. Pre-British India was divided into many feudal states, frequently struggling among themselves to extend their boundaries. A conception of unity existed, but that was limited to ‘geographical Unity’…
Annexation of Sindh & Punjab by British By 1818, the entire Indian subcontinent, except Punjab and Sindh, had been brought under British rule. They directly ruled some states, while in others, the British exercised paramount power. These areas were brought under British control through subsidiary alliance, the Principle of Paramountcy and, in several cases, through…
Debate on future strategy after civil Disobedienc e movement In the Aftermath of the withdrawal of the Civil Disobedience Movement, a debate emerged among the nationalists regarding the future course of action in the near term. Different debate was initiated as follows: While Gandhi emphasized constructive work, which he thought would consolidate the masses for…
![Early Political Activities: 1858-1905 [Complete Notes For Upsc]](https://www.99notes.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/early-politics-featured-66698a6014484-768x500.webp "Early Political Activities: 1858-1905 [Complete Notes For Upsc] | Updated February 20, 2025")
Early Political Activities: 1858-1905 The revolt of 1857 was the first major large-scale revolt against the British. However, it failed to overthrow British imperialism. The failure of the revolt in 1857 demonstrated that revolutions based on old outlooks and social forces were ineffective against modern imperialism. In this aspect, the need arises for the political…