India before the British rule in India Political scenario in India The Mughals – After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the decline of the Mughals started. Rulers of the Mughals were now weak and engrossed in political conflict for inheritance or dominance in the court. The Marathas – The third battle of Panipat in…
Advent of Europeans in India The history of modern India can be traced back to the advent of Europeans in India. The trade routes between India and Europe were long and winding, passing through the Oxus Valley, Syria, and Egypt. We have already seen the advent of Portuguese in the Medieval India. We shall see the advent of…
Mughal Economy The Indian economy was strong till the Mughal times. By 1700, India’s share of world GDP was 24%, the largest in the world, larger than any other region. India, then, was producing about 25% of the world’s industrial output up until the 18th century. Agriculture During the Mughals, large tracts of land were…
Later Mughals & Decline of Mughal Empire The Later Mughals period represents crucial phase in India history, marking the gradual decline of Mughal Empire. Spanning from the late 17th to the mid-19th centuries, this period witnessed internal conflicts, external threats, and political instability, contributing to the Decline of Mughal Empire. From Aurangzeb’s reign to Bahadur…
![Maratha Empire: History, Rulers, War & Administration [Upsc Notes]](https://www.99notes.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/maratha-empire-featured-768x500.webp "Maratha Empire: History, Rulers, War &Amp; Administration [Upsc Notes] | Updated February 22, 2025")
Maratha Empire (1674 – 1818) The Maratha Empire, flourishing from the 17th to the 18th century was a strong and key force in Indian History, known for its strong military, innovative governance, and resilience against foreign invasions. The Maratha’s rise in the Deccan began in the early 17th century under the leadership of Shivaji. He…
Mughal Empire Babur, a Central Asian ruler descendant of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timor, founded the Mughal Empire. He laid the foundation of the mighty Mughal Empire, which was consolidated by Akbar, and lasted for about two centuries. The Mughal Empire reached its zenith during Aurangzeb’s rule, after which its decline started, catalysed by its conflict with the…
A court poet of the Parmara king Sindhuraja (r. 990s CE). Padmagupta is the author of a Sanskrit epic, “Nava-shahshanka-charita.” The epic depicts the romance between Parmara King Sindhuraja and the Naga princess Shahshiprabha. Due to this work, Padmagupta is known as ‘Parimala Kalidasa’. It is written in Vaidharbhi style, generally using short and light…
Varkari Movement The Varkari Movement is a significant spiritual tradition that originated in Maharashtra, India, in the 13th century, as panth during bhakti movement. This movement is centered around devotion to Lord Vitthal, also known as Vithoba. Varkari Movement brings together people from various backgrounds in a mutual journey of faith and devotion, marking an…
Ghurid Dynasty The Ghurid Dynasty, a significant chapter in medieval Islamic history, flourished as a powerful empire in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Let’s delve into the history of its rise, reign, important rulers, and its enduring impact on India. Introduction to the Ghurid Dynasty The Ghurids were local chiefs from the Ghor region…
Portuguese in india The Portuguese were the first Europeans to discover a direct maritime route to India and thereby solve the age-old problem of circumventing the Arab Traders. On May 20, 1498, Portuguese merchant Vasco da Gama became the first merchant to arrive in Calicut, an important seaport in South India. Vasco Da Gama in the court of zamorin(picture…