It is the ultimate power of the Judiciary to determine the validity of a law or an order, which may be described as the powers of “judicial review”. It tests the constitutionality of the legislative acts and executive orders. Genesis of the Concept of Judicial Review It was first introduced in the US Supreme Court…
Subordinate Courts consist of district courts and other lower courts. They are called subordinate courts as they are subordinate to the High Courts. Subordinate Judiciary is the backbone of the Judiciary. It is the first judicial institution with which a majority of the citizens interact. It is covered under Part IV of the Indian constitution…
Challenges with the Indian Judiciary: Judiciary is one of the three organs of the government. Indian judiciary is integrated and independent judiciary. Despite the most important part of the Indian polity, it faces some issues as following: Issue in Appointment: Shortage of judges: India has a low judge-to-population ratio. India requires 50 judges per million…
Public interest litigation(PIL) is a case or petition filed before a court to protect, safeguard or enforce public interest. PIL is a judicial innovation for the protection of the disadvantaged section, like the poor, minorities, etc., and their interests. PIL is also known as Social Action litigation, Social action litigation, etc Genesis of the PIL…
India shares a border of 3488 km with China, which runs along the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir and the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. Separated by the Great Himalayan range, our border is characterized by difficult terrain and sparse habitation, which have resulted in inadequate development of infrastructure in…
Defection In a political scenario, defection is a situation when a member of a political party leaves his/her party and joins hands with other parties. Traditionally, this phenomenon is known as ‘floor crossing’, which had its origin in the British House of Commons, where a legislator changed his/her allegiance when s/he crossed the floor and…
Introduction: India and Bangladesh share bonds of rich historical ties, including language, trade relations and culture. The bilateral ties reflect an all-encompassing partnership based on equality, sovereignty, trust, and understanding that goes far beyond a strategic partnership. Both countries view each other as important partners in realizing respective national development visions of “Viksit Bharat 2047”…
State Human Rights Commission Besides the National Human Rights Commission, the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 provides for the establishment of the Human Rights Commission in each state. It has been entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding and promoting human rights at the state level. Composition of the State Human Rights Commission The State…
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) of India is an apex body of the Government of India under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) provides the institutional framework for creating and overseeing disaster management plans. It ensures coordinated efforts across government…
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National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is a statutory body constituted under the Protection of Human Rights Act 1993. The commission acts as the watchdog of human rights in the country. Its mandate includes safeguarding and advancing the rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity as guaranteed by…