The Budget is an annual financial statement giving an account of the expected revenue and expenditure of public money in a financial year, which starts on 1st April and ends on 31st March. It is a work plan that gives direction to the implementation of policies and programmes. Note: The Constitution does not mention the…
Functions of the Parliament In order to perform its role efficiently, various mechanisms have been set up in the Constitution, and each House has been empowered to make its own rule under Article 118. Rules of communication between both houses and the Joint sitting are made by the President after consultation with the Speaker of…
Ordinance Making Power of President and Governor The Constitution of India under Articles 123 and 213 provides the President and the Governor, respectively, powers to promulgate ordinances but only when ‘immediate action’ is necessary and the Parliament or state legislature is not in session. Ordinances have the same force and effect as an act of…
Parliament being the supreme legislative body in the country, its primary function is law-making. All legislative proposals in Parliament are brought in the form of bills. A Bill is a draft statute and cannot become act or law unless it has received the approval of both the Houses and the assent of the President. The…
Presiding officers of the Parliament: Both houses of the Parliament have a presiding officer; the Lok Sabha has a Speaker as the principal presiding officer and a deputy speaker to assist him/her and preside over the chair in his/her absence. Similarly, the Rajya Sabha is presided over by the Chairman (Chairperson) and assisted by the…
The Union Legislature in the Indian Constitutional set-up is known as the Indian Parliament. It is modelled after the British Parliament, wherein the Executive is collectively responsible to the Parliament. This is known as the Parliamentary form of government. According to former President KR Narayanan, “Parliament and legislatures constitute the head and front of the…
State Council of Ministers In a parliamentary form of government, the Council of Ministers, headed by the Chief Minister, wields the real executive power in the political and administrative system of the state (federal unit). The Council of Ministers in the states function in a similar way as at the central level. Article 163 of…
Chief Minister Article 163 of the Indian Constitution states, “There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister (CM) at the head to aid and advise the Governor of the state in the exercise of his functions”. In the parliamentary form of government, the Chief Minister is the real executive authority in states….
Union Council of Ministers In a Parliamentary System, the Council of Ministers (CoM) headed by the Prime Minister wields the real executive authority. Articles 74 and 75 of the Constitution deal with the power and function of the Council of Ministers. Amendments in Article 74 42nd Constitutional Amendment: “There shall be a Council of Ministers with the PM…
Governor of States Article 153 of the Indian Constitution states that “there shall be a Governor for each state”. The Constitution of India establishes a Parliamentary form of Government at both central and state levels. Just as the President is the constitutional head of the state, the Governor is the constitutional head of a state…