The system of urban government was constitutionalised through the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. Before this, a variety to systems existed in various locations. Evolution of urban local bodies: Pre-British Era: British Era: Post-independence Era / Way to constitutionalisation: 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992: Articles Related to Municipalities at a Glance Article No….
The Government of India Act 1935 brought local government within the purview of the provincial government and granted them enhanced powers. Since that time, local government evolved a lot. Currently, eight types of urban local bodies are visible in India. Â We shall cover these bodies in this chapter. Municipal Corporation: Municipalities (Municipal Board/Municipal Council/…
Urban governance and management have predominantly been the constitutional domain of state government. These local institutions of urban government have become weak over the years due to many factors, including encroachment on traditional and legitimate municipal functions by creating parastatals and urban development authorities, a weak executive system, fragile fiscal health, and inadequate staffing and…
Panchayati Raj is an insignificant provision of the Gandhian principle. However, the constitution did not obligate governments to constitute panchayats. Article 40 of the Indian Constitution only provided a Directive Principle of State Policy that said the state should organise village panchayats and give them the necessary powers and authority to function. However, this was not mandatory…
In 1992, one of the biggest changes in the Indian constitutional scheme was introduced. It introduced a third teir of Government in India in the form of Panchayats and Urban Local bodies through 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendment respectively. In this chapter we shall study the local government in Rural areas of India, viz. the…