The Budget is an annual financial statement giving an account of the expected revenue and expenditure of public money in a financial year, which starts on 1st April and ends on 31st March. It is a work plan that gives direction to the implementation of policies and programmes. Note: The Constitution does not mention the…
Functions of the Parliament In order to perform its role efficiently, various mechanisms have been set up in the Constitution, and each House has been empowered to make its own rule under Article 118. Rules of communication between both houses and the Joint sitting are made by the President after consultation with the Speaker of…
Attitude, i.e. the predisposition to react favourably or unfavourably towards the attitude object, manifests itself through thoughts and Behaviour. In the previous articles, we learned about attitude. In this article, we shall understand its impact on thought and behaviour. Relation between Attitude and Thoughts: Thought refers to a host of ‘conscious’ mental activities that are…
Attitude is the predisposition of a person to act towards a stimulus. We have already discussed various characteristics, dimensions and types of attitudes in the previous article. In this article, we shall understand types of attitudes, including Moral and Political attitudes, which are important from the perspective of the UPSC Civil Services syllabus. Moral Attitude:…
Attitude Notes Attitude notes play a pivotal role in preparing for competitive exams, offering insights into the psychological aspects that influence human behavior and interaction. These notes cover theories of attitude formation, change, and the impact on personal and professional life, essential for understanding ethics and interpersonal skills in various contexts, including civil services. Attitude…
Ordinance Making Power of President and Governor The Constitution of India under Articles 123 and 213 provides the President and the Governor, respectively, powers to promulgate ordinances but only when ‘immediate action’ is necessary and the Parliament or state legislature is not in session. Ordinances have the same force and effect as an act of…
Parliament being the supreme legislative body in the country, its primary function is law-making. All legislative proposals in Parliament are brought in the form of bills. A Bill is a draft statute and cannot become act or law unless it has received the approval of both the Houses and the assent of the President. The…
Presiding officers of the Parliament: Both houses of the Parliament have a presiding officer; the Lok Sabha has a Speaker as the principal presiding officer and a deputy speaker to assist him/her and preside over the chair in his/her absence. Similarly, the Rajya Sabha is presided over by the Chairman (Chairperson) and assisted by the…
The Union Legislature in the Indian Constitutional set-up is known as the Indian Parliament. It is modelled after the British Parliament, wherein the Executive is collectively responsible to the Parliament. This is known as the Parliamentary form of government. According to former President KR Narayanan, “Parliament and legislatures constitute the head and front of the…
State Council of Ministers In a parliamentary form of government, the Council of Ministers, headed by the Chief Minister, wields the real executive power in the political and administrative system of the state (federal unit). The Council of Ministers in the states function in a similar way as at the central level. Article 163 of…