The Emergence of Gandhi The emergence of Gandhi in the Indian National movement is known for the beginning of the mass mobilisation phase. Before he arrived in India in 1915, he was in South Africa from 1893 to 1915, where his experiences made him take up the fight against colonialism. Gandhi ji developed his philosophy…
![Home Rule Movement (1916-1918): India’S Fight For Self-Governance [Upsc Notes]](https://99notes.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/home-rule-featured-66698a5b2a805-768x500.webp "Home Rule Movement (1916-1918): India'S Fight For Self-Governance [Upsc Notes] | Updated December 4, 2024")
Home Rule Movement The Home Rule Movement, initiated by leader’s Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1916, Marked a significant phase in India’s independence struggle. It aimed at achieving self-governance within the British Empire through constitutional means, energizing the nationalistic fervor across the country and laying the groundwork for future protests against British rule….
Socio Religious Reform Movements The colonization of India by the British during the 18th and 19th centuries exposed some serious weaknesses and drawbacks of Indian social institutions. Consequently, several individual Socio Religious Reform movements sought to bring about changes in social and religious practices to reform and revitalize society. They were impressed by modern science,…
![Swadeshi Movement (1905): Overview, Causes & Impact [Upsc Notes]](https://99notes.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/swadeshi-movement-featured-66698a5e632b7-768x500.webp "Swadeshi Movement (1905): Overview, Causes &Amp; Impact [Upsc Notes] | Updated December 4, 2024")
Swadeshi Movement (1905) The Swadeshi movement spread as a reaction to Curzon’s reactionary policies and, more importantly, his policy of the Bengal partition. It is called Swadeshi as the movement emphasised the Boycott of foreign-made clothes and goods such as sugar, salt, government schools and colleges and other government services. The Swadeshi movement saw two…
Quit India Movement (August Kranti) The Cripps mission had failed to pacify the Indians. It made clear that the British were unwilling to concede to any significant demand. Gandhi, who had earlier argued against launching a mass struggle, finally became convinced of the inevitability of a struggle. Causes of Quit India Movement Other factors that…
Indian National Army Subhas Chandra Bose (1897-1945) Bose cleared the Indian Civil Services exam but resigned from the service to join the freedom struggle. In 1923, he became the mayor of Calcutta. He was elected as Congress president in 1938 (Haripura) and 1939 (Tripuri). However, after differences with Gandhi, he resigned from the presidentship…
Non Cooperation Movement & Khilafat Movement Intro: The Non Cooperation movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, was a significant phase in the Indian struggle for independence. Aimed at securing Swaraj or self-rule, it called for Indians to not give support for British institutions, boycott foreign goods, and adopt self-reliance. This mass protest against the…
Tribal Movement in India From the beginning, tribal people had lived in rural India in varying economic conditions and relative seclusion. They kept their distinct identity despite their interactions with non-tribal people. Each tribal community continued to have its own political and economic structures, as well as its own socio-religious and cultural life. Land and…
British Expansion in India The political situation in Deccan In the 1760s, the neighbouring states in the Deccan came into conflict with each other in their attempt to expand their territories to fulfil their need for resources. Three factors pushed this conflict: Maratha’s Loss in 1761 made them weaker and a target for the neighbouring…
The withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) and the imprisonment of Gandhi in March 1922 weakened the national movement, and it entered a passive phase. As a result, the nationalist ranks became disorganized, disintegrated, and demoralized. Gaya Annual Session of the Congress (1922) Two currents of thought emerged within the Congress after the NCM regarding…