Bilhana- 11th century Kashmiri Poet [UPSC Notes]

Bilhana: the 11th Century  Kashmiri Poet

In the rich history of Indian literature, the 11th century stands out for its remarkable contribution to Sanskrit poetry, thanks to poet’s like Bilhana, a distinguished poet form Kashmir. Bilhana’s life and works are subject of considerable interest for students preparing for competitive exams like the UPSC, offering insights into the cultural and historical context of his time. This article aims to shed light on Bilhana, his works, and his significance from the UPSC Perspective. Let’s start with some facts related to Bilhana:

• Bihana was a nomadic Pandit who had wandered through Mathura, Kanuj, Prayaga, Varanasi, Somnath, Kalyan and Rameswaram.

• Bilhana was an 11th-century Kashmiri poet known for his poem “Chaura-panchasika” or “The Love Thief”.

• Chaura-panchasika or The Love Thief:

  • It is a 50-stanza poem written by Bihana while he was in prison waiting to be executed or exiled.

  • Bilhana was in love with Princess Yaminipurnatilaka, daughter of King Madanabhirama. When the king discovered his love affair, he threw Bihana into prison.

• Bilhana’s other notable work is an epic “Vikramankadevacharita” based on his patron King Vikramaditya VI of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani. He held the position of Vidyapati, or the master of sciences, in the court of Vikramaditya VI.

Bilhana: The Poet and his Background

Kavi Bilhana, whose literature was hailed in kashmir form centuries, a region renowned for its contribution to Sanskrit literature and scholarship. His exact life dates are not definitively known, but he is believed to have flourished during 11th century. Bilhana was not just a poet but a scholar who mastered the intricacies of Sanskrit Poetry, leaving a legacy that continues to be studied and admired. 

Bilhana’s Vikramankadevacharita

Bilhana’s most famous work, the “vikramankadevacharita“, is a Sanskrit kavya that glorifies the life and achievements of the Chalukya king, Vikramaditya VI. This work not only highlights Bilhana’s literary skills but also provides valuable insights into the socio-political context of his time. Through his vivid descriptions and poetic imagination, Bilhana brings alive the grandeur of the Chalukya dynasty and its rulers.

Bilhana Was the Court Poet of Which King?

Bilhana associated with the Chalukya court, particularly as a court poet of King Vikramaditya VI. His role was not just to entertain but to immortalize the reign and achievements of his patron king through his poetry. This relationship between poet and patron is a key aspect of understanding the cultural dynamics of the time.

Conclusion

Kavi Bilhana legacy as an 11th-century Kashmiri poet extends beyond his poetic creations. His works are a window into the cultural, political, an social fabric of his time, offering rich source of historical and cultural knowledge.