Kalhana- 12th century Kashmiri Poet | Rajatarangini by Kalhana

Kalhana

Kalhana, a name synonymous with the historic chronicle of Kashmir, is known for his book, “Rajatarangini” (The River of Kings). As a historian and poet, Kalhana’s work remains a useful asset in understanding the rich tapestry of Kashmir’s past. His contribution to the region’s dynasties, politics, and culture has endured as a cornerstone of Indian historiography. Kalhana also has expressed dissatisfaction with the earlier historical works in his book.

Who Was Kalhana?

Kalhana, living in the 12th century, is often revered as one of the first historians from the Indian subcontinent. Little is known about his personal life, which include the exact dates of his birth and death. However, it’s widely acknowledged that he was the son of a minister Chanpaka in the Lohara dynasty. He wrote the famous book Rajatarangini – a main source of medieval Kashmir’s History. His writings suggest a deep familiarity with the political and social landscapes of his time, indicating that he could have been close to the royal court.

Kalhana’s Books

While Kalhana is primarily known for “Rajatarangini,” there’s no concrete evidence to suggest he authored another works. “Rajatarangini” stands out as his singular contribution to the world of literature and history, which has immortalized his name.

Kalhana Rajatarangini

“Rajatarangini” is widely known for being one of the first attempts at a comprehensive historic chronicle in South Asia. Written in 1149 AD, it is a Sanskrit work of Kalhana. It is a collection of 8 books called ‘tarangs’. Kalhana meticulously compiled the history of Kashmir’s kings and their reigns, drawing upon a variety of sources, including earlier texts, inscriptions, and oral traditions. His commitment to documenting each the achievements and failures of these rulers offers a nuanced perspective on the complexities of governance and society.

Structure of Rajatarangini

“Rajatarangini” is composed of eight chapters, referred to as “Tarangas” (waves), each wave narrating a different epoch in Kashmir’s history. These tarangas together recount the region’s past from mythical times up to Kalhana’s contemporary 12th-century context. The meticulous organization of “Rajatarangini” into tarangas facilitates a coherent and accessible account of the successive phases of Kashmir’s historical and cultural improvement.

Legacy of Kalhana and Rajatarangini

Kalhana’s “Rajatarangini” is more than a historical document; it’s a masterpiece of Sanskrit literature, showcasing his prowess in poetic expression and narrative construction. His dedication to authentic accuracy, combined with the literary high-quality of his work, has set a high standard in for historical writing in India. The enduring relevance of “Rajatarangini” lies in its ability to offer insights into the societal, political, and cultural dimensions of medieval Kashmir, making it a fundamental resource for historians and students alike.

Conclusion

Kalhana’s contributions through “Rajatarangini” provides a window into the historic dynamics of Kashmir, making him an immortal figure in the annals of Indian historiography. His works continues to inspire and inform contemporary knowledge of the region’s past, cementing his legacy as a pioneering historian and poet.