Mughal Empire- Complete UPSC Notes

Mughal Empire

Babur, a Central Asian ruler descendant of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timor, founded the Mughal Empire. He laid the foundation of the mighty Mughal Empire, which was consolidated by Akbar, and lasted for about two centuries.

The Mughal Empire reached its zenith during Aurangzeb’s rule, after which its decline started, catalysed by its conflict with the Marathas.

Mughal Rulers List with Timeline:

1. Babar
2. Humayun
3. Akbar (1556-1605)
4. Jahangir (1605-1627)
5. Shah Jahan (1627-1658)
6. Aurangazeb (1657-1707)
7. Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712)
8. Jahandar Shah (1712)
9. Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)
10. Rafi Ul-Darjat (1719)
11. Shah Jahan II (1719)
12. Muhammad Shah (1719-1748)
13. Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754)
14. Alamgir II (1754-1759)
15. Shah Jahan III (1759)
16. Shah Alam II (1760-1788)
17. Akbar Shah II (1806-1837)
18. Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857) – The last Mughal emperor

Babur(1526-1530 CE)

• Babur(Zahiruddin Muhammad) was a descendant of the Turco-Mongol conquerorTimur on his father and from Genghis Khan on his mother’s side.
• The Timurids had control over all of central Asia in the 15^th But they were forced out by the expanding Safavid power.
• Babur ascended the throne of a small Fergana state at 12 but immediately lost control over his ancestral place.
• In 1504, Babur Seized Kabul at the age of 24 and then entered India through Khyber Pass.

Babar war List: