15 June 2023 : Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS

15-June-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1. T.N. withdraws general consent granted to CBI.

Topic: GS2 – Indian polity.

Context:

• • • The DMK-led government in Tamil Nadu has withdrawn the general consent given to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to investigate cases in the state without its permission.

Issue:

• • • The decision was announced on the same day when Tamil Nadu Electricity Minister was arrested by the Enforcement Directorate (ED), another central agency.

    • The withdrawal of consent means that the CBI will now have to seek prior permission from the Tamil Nadu government to conduct investigations in the state.

    • Several other states, including Mizoram, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Kerala, Jharkhand, Punjab, and Meghalaya, have also withdrawn their general consent given to the CBI.

    • The CBI has multiple offices in Tamil Nadu, including in Chennai and Madurai, which are involved in various investigative activities.

    • The withdrawal of consent is in accordance with Section 6 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, which requires the consent of state governments for CBI investigations within their jurisdiction.

2. The Ukraine-Russia war fallout — Eurozone in recession

Topic: GS3 – Global economy.

Context:

• • • All 20 Eurozone countries entered into a recession in the first quarter of 2023, with a contraction of 0.1% in GDP following a similar decline in the previous quarter.

Issue:

• • • Germany, the largest economy in the Eurozone, slipped into recession with a 0.3% contraction in output in the first quarter.

    • Ireland experienced the steepest decline in economic output, with a contraction of 4.6%.

    • Other countries that saw GDP decline include the Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, Malta, and Greece, while France, Italy, and Spain experienced muted growth.

    • The recession is attributed to a surge in food and energy prices following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, leading to high inflation and reduced household spending.

    • Inflation in gas and electricity decreased from record highs, but food inflation remained high.

    • Household spending fell by 0.3% and government final consumption expenditure dropped .

    • Gross fixed capital formation (investment) increased by 0.6%, but it could not offset the declines in household and government spending.

    • Unemployment levels in the Eurozone stood at 6.5% in April 2023, the lowest since 2000, indicating a strong labor market.

    • Some economists argue that the minimal decline in GDP and the strong labor market make it difficult to classify the current situation as a severe recessionary environment.

3. The status of transgenic crops in India

Topic: GS3 – Genetic crops.

Context:

• • • Transgenic crops in India are still facing challenges in terms of acceptance and commercial cultivation.

Issue:

• • • Cotton is currently the only transgenic crop being commercially cultivated in India.

    • Other crops such as brinjal, tomato, maize, and chickpea are in various stages of trials using transgenic technology.

    • The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is the apex technical body responsible for evaluating proposals for testing genetically modified (GM) seeds in India.

    • The approval process for transgenic crops involves multiple safety assessments and open field trials conducted over multiple crop seasons and geographical conditions.

    • The final arbiter for the approval of GM crops in India is the Supreme Court, which is currently hearing a case regarding the permissibility of transgenic food crops.

    • The process of regulating transgenic crops involves assessing their safety, efficacy, and environmental impact.

    • Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Telangana have rebuffed the GEAC’s proposal to test a transgenic cotton seed containing the Cry2Ai gene.

    • Agriculture being a State subject, companies require approvals from the respective States to conduct tests on transgenic crops.

    • The reasons for the rebuff by Gujarat and Maharashtra were not furnished, while Telangana cited the current cropping season as the reason for not allowing trials.

    • The GEAC has asked the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) to organize capacity-building activities to apprise State governments about GM crops and the regulatory framework.

    • The GEAC is considering a proposal by the DBT to declare certain regions as “notified testing sites” to streamline the approval process for GM crop trials.

    • If approved, companies conducting trials at these notified testing sites would not require permission from the States.

4. Law Commission seeks fresh inputs on Uniform Civil Code.

Topic: GS2 – Indian polity.

Context:

• • • The 22nd Law Commission of India has invited fresh suggestions from stakeholders on the Uniform Civil Code (UCC).

Issue:

• • • The previous 21st Law Commission had also examined the UCC and sought views from stakeholders.

    • The 22nd Law Commission decided to deliberate on the UCC again due to the passage of more than three years since the issuance of the previous consultation paper and considering the relevance and importance of the subject.

    • Stakeholders, including public and religious organizations, are encouraged to share their views and suggestions on the UCC through email or the commission’s website.

    • The panel emphasizes that a unified nation does not necessarily require complete uniformity and efforts should be made to reconcile diversity with universal human rights arguments.

5. Union govt. moots new HDI for 28 lakh vulnerable tribals.

Topic: GS3.

Context:

• • • The Union government plans to design a survey to measure the Human Development Index (HDI) specifically for the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) residing in over 22,000 villages in India.

Issue:

• • • The survey aims to collect information on the changes in the lives of PVTGs and create a village-level database.

    • The objective is to develop an HDI for primitive tribal groups and assess the impact of government policies on their lives.

    • The Finance Minister announced a ₹15,000-crore expenditure for the Pradhan Mantri Primitive Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PM-PVTG) Development Mission in the Budget speech.

    • The survey will be conducted as part of the PM-PVTG Development Mission to assess improvements in purchasing capacity, economic activities, and the reach of government services and facilities for PVTGs.

6. Centre stops sale of wheat, rice to States under OMSS

Topic: GS3.

Context:

• • • The Union government has decided to discontinue the sale of rice and wheat from the central pool under the Open Market Sale Scheme (OMSS) to State governments.

Issue:

• • • This decision will impact certain States, including Karnataka, which provide free grains to the poor.

    • The Karnataka government had requested 13,819 tonnes of rice under the OMSS, but the discontinuation of sales has been conveyed to them.

    • The Food Corporation of India (FCI) has stated that the sale of rice under the OMSS will continue for northeastern States, hilly States, and States facing law and order issues and natural disasters.

    • The FCI may sell rice under the OMSS to private parties as needed in order to stabilize market prices.

7. EU lawmakers give nod to plan on bloc’s future AI regulations

Topic: GS3 – Science and technology.

Context:

• • • EU lawmakers have voted to adopt a key text that will form the basis of a future law regulating artificial intelligence (AI) systems, including systems like ChatGPT.

Issue:

• • • Negotiations on the final law will begin between the European Parliament and the EU’s 27 member countries.

    • If an agreement is reached by the end of the year, it would be the world’s first law regulating AI.

    • The law is not expected to come into force until 2026 at the earliest, so the EU aims to establish a voluntary interim pact with tech companies.

    • The law will regulate AI systems based on the level of risk they pose, with higher-risk systems having greater obligations.

    • The EU’s proposed high-risk list includes AI in critical infrastructure, education, human resources, public order, and migration management.

    • Additional conditions, such as the potential to harm people’s health, safety, rights, or the environment, must be met for high-risk classification.

    • Special requirements are proposed for generative AI systems, like ChatGPT, which involve informing users that the content is generated by a machine.

    • Lawmakers have also suggested bans on AI systems that use biometric surveillance, emotion recognition, and predictive policing.

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