Answer:  Option B - The expansion rate of the universe

Explanation:

• The Hubble Tension is a cosmological puzzle that arises from disagreements in measuring how fast the universe is expanding.
• Scientists use different methods, such as observing distant supernovae or the cosmic microwave background, to determine this expansion rate (known as the Hubble constant).
• However, these methods yield different results, creating a "tension" between our understanding of the early universe and observations of the late universe.
• This discrepancy may indicate new physics beyond our current cosmological models, potentially involving dark energy, dark matter, or modifications to gravity.

Answer:  Option C - Capture and de-orbit a piece of space debris.

Explanation:

• ClearSpace-1 is a pioneering mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) aimed at tackling the growing problem of space debris.
• Launching in 2026, it will be the first mission to remove an inactive satellite from orbit.
• This involves a complex process where ClearSpace-1 will rendezvous with the derelict satellite, capture it using a robotic arm, and then safely guide it back into Earth's atmosphere to burn up.
• This mission is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of space activities and preventing a chain reaction of collisions that could create more debris and threaten future missions.

Answer:  Option B - The President of India

Explanation:

• The Indian Constitution lays down a specific procedure for removing High Court judges to safeguard judicial independence.
• While the President officially removes the judge, this action is only taken after a complex process.
• Both houses of Parliament must pass a resolution with a special majority (a majority of the total membership and a two-thirds majority of members present and voting) on grounds of proven misbehavior or incapacity.
• This ensures checks and balances and prevents arbitrary removal, upholding the integrity of the judiciary.

Answer:  Option B - The President of India

Explanation:

• The Indian Constitution lays down a specific procedure for removing High Court judges to safeguard judicial independence.
• While the President officially removes the judge, this action is only taken after a complex process.
• Both houses of Parliament must pass a resolution with a special majority (a majority of the total membership and a two-thirds majority of members present and voting) on grounds of proven misbehavior or incapacity.
• This ensures checks and balances and prevents arbitrary removal, upholding the integrity of the judiciary.

Answer:  Option C - To eliminate unsafe sewer and septic tank cleaning practices

Explanation:

• The NAMASTE scheme tackles the persistent issue of manual scavenging in India, a practice that poses significant health hazards and perpetuates social inequalities.
• By transitioning to mechanized cleaning of sewers and septic tanks, the scheme aims to protect sanitation workers from hazardous exposure and ensure their safety and dignity.
• It promotes the use of technology and modern equipment to improve sanitation practices and working conditions, contributing to a safer and more equitable sanitation sector in the country.