1 September 2023 : Daily Current Affairs
Daily Current Affairs
1-September-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.
1) WORLD SANSKRIT DAY.
Topic: Prelims, GS1- Indian Literature.
Context:
- To mark the World Sanskrit Day on 31st August, Prime Minister Narendra Modi asked people to share a sentence in Sanskrit on social media.
Important facts about World Sanskrit Day.
- The first World Sanskrit Day was celebrated in 1969.
- The day is marked on the last poornima (full moon) of the Hindu calendar month of Shravan, with an aim to raise awareness about the language used by scholars and saints in ancient India.
- Itserves as a tribute to the birth anniversary of Paṇini, a distinguished Sanskrit scholar and grammarian.
- This day is celebrated to show gratitude and respect towards the Sanskrit language.
About Sanskrit language:
- It is an Indo-Aryan language and is considered to be one of the oldest languages and is known as the mother of most languages of India.
- It is believed to have originated in India around 3500 years ago and is often referred to as Dev Vani (the language of the deities).
- It is divided into two parts which are Vedic and Classical.
Vedic Sanskrit is the older and more archaic form of Sanskrit, which is attested in the Rig Veda, the Upanishads, and the Puranas.
- Classical Sanskrit is the later and more standardised form of Sanskrit, which is based on the grammar of Panini and used in literature, philosophy, science, and art.
- Sanskrit is among the 22 official languages included in theEight Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
- It is also included among 6 Classical languages besides Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Odia.
2) Largest indigenously developed N-plant unit in Gujarat starts ops at full capacity.
Topic: GS3-Nuclear technology
Context:
- The third unit of the indigenously developed 700-megawatt electric (MWe) nuclear power reactor at the Kakrapar Atomic Power Project (KAPP3) in Gujarat has commenced operations at full capacity.
Details:
- This comes a little over three years since the unit achieved its ‘first criticality’—a technical term that signifies the initiation of a controlled, but sustained nuclear fission reaction in July2020.
- On June 30 this year, the unit had started commercial operations.
- In India’s civilian nuclear programme, this is seen as a landmark event, given that KAPP-3 is the country’s first 700MW e unit and the biggest indigenously developed variant of the Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR).
- The PHWRs, which use natural uranium as fuel and heavy water as moderator, constitute the main stay of India’s nuclear power fleet.
- Till now, the biggest reactor of indigenous design was the 540 MWe PHWR, two of which have been deployed in Tarapur, Maharashtra.
- Four units of the 700 Mwe reactor are being constructed at Kakrapar (KAPP-3 and 4) and Rawatbhata (RAPS-7and 8) site in Rajasthan.
Big advantage for India:
- The 700 MWe reactors are slated to be backbone of a new fleet of 12 reactors.
- As India works to ramp up its existing nuclear power capacity of 7,480 Mwe to 22,480 Mwe by 2031, the 700 MWe capacity would constitute the biggest component of this expansion plan.
- Currently, nuclear power capacity constitutes around 2 per cent of the total installed capacity of 4,17,668 MW (May31).
Way Forward:
- Significantly, as India’s civilian nuclear sector gears up to its next frontier which is building a 900 MWe Pressurised Water Reactors (PWRs) of indigenous design, the experience of executing the larger 700MWe reactor design would come in handy, especially with respect to the improved capability of making large-size pressure vessels, alongside India’s own isotope enrichment plants being developed to supply a part of the required enriched uranium fuel to power these reactors.
3) Payload detects presence of Sulphur on Moon.
Topic: GS3, Prelims
Context:
- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Thursday put out samples of data collected from Moon by three more instruments, thus confirming that all the payloads on the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft were healthy and operating as designed.
Details:
- ISRO released preliminary data from instruments called RAMBHA and ILSA, both installed on the lander module, and another called APXS which is on the rover.
- It had earlier released data from instruments called ChaSTE and LIBS.
- Chandrayaan-3 is carrying seven scientific payloads, four installed on the lander, two on rover, and one on the propulsion module that is going around the Moon in an orbit.
- ISRO has till now released data from five of these. It has also mentioned that the instrument onboard the propulsion module — SHAPE or Solar-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth has been functioning normally.
Laser Retro reflector Array:
- The seventh instrument, called LASER Retro reflector Array is a set of mirrors that will remain on the Moon for much longer duration.
- It does not collect any data on its own but is meant to reflect laser beams fired from Earth.
- Scientists use these kinds of experiments to accurately measure the distance of Moon from the Earth.
RAMBHA (Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive Ionosphere and Atmosphere)
- It is meant to measure the plasma density (concentration of ions and electrons) near the lunar surface.
- Initial assessment from the data collected by RAMBHA, an instrument developed by Space Physics Laboratory of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, indicated that the plasma near the lunar surface was “relatively sparse”.
The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectroscope (APXS)
- It is installed on the rover which detected signals of the presence of Sulphur and other minor elements.
- Earlier, LIBS had also collected data on the elemental composition of lunar surface, and found “unambiguous” confirmation of presence of Sulphur, through first-of-its-kind experiments.
- “APXS developed by PRL, Ahmedabad, is working extremely well on the rover.
- It is providing unique observations on elemental composition around the landing site.
4) Kokborok, Tripura’s language without a script
Topic: Prelims, GS1- Indian literature
Context:
- Old struggles centred on a script for Tripura’s tribal Kokborok language have resurfaced in a series of protests by political parties, student organisations, and tribal cultural and literary forums.
A decades-old tussle:
- Kokborok is the lingua franca of the bulk of Tripura’s 19 tribal communities.
- It has a long history, and was recognized as an official state language of Tripura in 1979.
- It is now taught in 22 degree colleges of the state, and in Tripura Central University.
- However, Kokborok does not have its own script, and there has long been an argument over whether it should be written in the Bengali or Roman script.
- The erstwhile Left government had setup two commissions to examine the question.
- Both commissions, found that the Roman script was favoured by the majority of the state’s tribal peoples.
Way Forward:
- This issue needs a plausible solution keeping in minds the sentiments of the native speakers of this language and effective strategies should be adopted to protect the language.
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