15 July 2023 : Daily Current Affairs
DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS
15-July-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.
1. India’s third lunar odyssey commences with perfect launch
Topic: GS3 – Science and technology.
Context:
- Chandrayaan-3, India’s third moon mission, was successfully launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
More information about the news:
- The launch took place onboard a Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM-3) rocket.
- Chandrayaan-3 aims to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface, following the unsuccessful attempt of Chandrayaan-2 in 2019.
- The mission is significant as only three countries, the U.S., Russia, and China, have achieved successful soft landings on the moon thus far.
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi hailed the launch, describing it as a new chapter in India’s space exploration journey that inspires the dreams and ambitions of every Indian.
2. Four months on, Jharkhand Governor plans to helm Tribes Advisory Council.
Topic: GS2 – Indian polity
Context:
- P. Radhakrishnan, the Governor of Jharkhand, aims to “take over” the Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) of the state, which is established under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
- The TAC is currently headed by the Chief Minister of Jharkhand.
- Tensions between the Raj Bhawan (Governor’s office) and the Hemant Soren-led state government have been escalating over the control of the TAC.
Information about Tribes Advisory Council in Fifth Schedule Areas:
The Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) is a body established under the Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution for the welfare and protection of Scheduled Tribes in certain designated areas. The Fifth Schedule areas primarily cover tribal-dominated regions in various states of India.
Here is some key information about the Tribes Advisory Council in Fifth Schedule areas:
- Purpose: The TAC aims to safeguard the rights and interests of Scheduled Tribes (STs) residing in Fifth Schedule areas. It provides a platform for consultation and advice to the Governor of the state on matters related to the welfare and development of STs.
- Composition: The composition of the TAC varies from state to state. It typically includes representatives of STs, experts, and officials appointed by the Governor. The Chief Minister of the state often serves as the ex officio chairperson of the TAC.
- Functions: The TAC is responsible for advising the Governor on matters concerning the administration of Fifth Schedule areas, protection of tribal rights, utilization of tribal resources, and formulation of policies and programs for tribal development.
- Powers and Role: The TAC plays a crucial role in ensuring that the special provisions and safeguards provided under the Fifth Schedule are effectively implemented. It examines and reviews legislations and administrative measures affecting the rights and interests of STs.
- Consultation and Recommendations: The TAC holds consultations with tribal communities, tribal leaders, and other stakeholders to gather their inputs and recommendations on issues affecting them. It then submits reports, suggestions, and recommendations to the Governor for necessary action.
- Land Rights and Forest Management: The TAC also plays a significant role in overseeing land acquisition, tribal land rights, and the management of forest resources in Fifth Schedule areas. It works to protect tribal land and resources from encroachment and ensures that the rights of STs are safeguarded.
3. Remembering a long-forgotten hero
Topic: GS1 – Indian history
Context:
- An exhibition, a heritage walk, and a talk will be held in Kolkata to commemorate the bicentenary year of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, the last king of Awadh.
- The tribute is organized by visual artist Soumyadeep Roy, with the support of Manzilat Fatima, the great-great granddaughter of Wajid Ali Shah.
More information about Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, the last king of Awadh:
Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, born on July 30, 1822, was the tenth and last nawab of the kingdom of Awadh, which is present-day Uttar Pradesh in India. He ascended to the throne in 1847 after the death of his father, Nawab Amjad Ali Shah. Wajid Ali Shah is known for his significant contributions to art, music, dance, and culture.
- Patron of the arts: Wajid Ali Shah was a great patron of the arts and played a vital role in promoting and nurturing various forms of art and cultural activities. He himself was an accomplished dancer, musician, and poet. He composed several poems and songs, known as “thumris,” which became an essential part of the Awadhi musical tradition.
- Love for dance and theater: The nawab had a deep passion for dance and theater. He established a royal theater called the ‘Qaiserbagh Theatre’ in Lucknow, where he actively participated in plays and encouraged artists and performers.
- Cultural reforms: Wajid Ali Shah introduced several cultural reforms during his reign. He patronized Kathak dance and helped elevate its status. He established institutions for dance and music training and brought together renowned artists and performers in his court.
- Tolerance and inclusivity: The nawab was known for his inclusive and liberal outlook. He embraced different religions and cultures, promoting harmony among diverse communities. He believed in social equality and took initiatives to alleviate the suffering of the underprivileged.
- Literary contributions: Wajid Ali Shah was a prolific writer and contributed significantly to Urdu literature. He wrote several plays, poems, and prose, reflecting his love for storytelling and the arts.
4. Success of Chandrayaan launch vehicle gives Gaganyaan a leg-up
Topic: GS3 – Science and technology.
Context:
- The successful launch of Chandrayaan-3 using the human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark (LVM) has enhanced the reliability of the launch vehicle.
More Information about the news:
- The rocket used for the Chandrayaan-3 mission incorporated multiple systems rated for human spaceflight, including the human-rated S200 solid strap-on motors and the L110 Vikas engine.
- The Gaganyaan project aims to demonstrate India’s human spaceflight capability by launching three astronauts to orbit and safely returning them to Earth.
- Public and private sector units across the country celebrated the success of the Chandrayaan-3 launch and played an active role in the mission.
Some of the important contributors to Chandrayaan-3 Mission are:
- Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI), a defense PSU, supplied critical materials for the heavy lift launch vehicle, including alloys, components, and propellant tanks.
- Keltron, KMML, Ananth Technologies Ltd (ATL), and Kortas Industries Pvt Ltd, along with other industry partners, supplied various components and electronics modules for the mission.
- The Central Tool Room and Training Centre (CTTC) in Bhubaneswar contributed critical components such as flow control valves, gyroscopes, and parts for the moon lander’s wheel mechanism.
- These collaborations and contributions from different organizations and sectors have played a significant role in the success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission.
Note: These points can be added in answer about private players/PSU contribution in Indian space exploration sector.
5. At G-20 meet, India presses for responsible use of AI technology.
Topic: GS3 – Science and technology.
Context:
- India expressed concerns about the potential misuse of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in cyber-attacks, malware, information manipulation, and scams, highlighting the need for analysis and understanding of malicious actors’ capabilities and applications of AI.
More information about the news:
- The Ministry of Home Affairs conducted the G-20 Conference on ‘Crime and Security in the Age of NFTs, AI, and Metaverse’ in Gurugram.
- Transparent and accountable AI governance frameworks were discussed as a necessity to ensure responsible use of AI technologies.
- The conference addressed the emerging challenges and risks associated with the misuse of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and emphasized the importance of exploring strategies to address this evolving threat landscape.
- Discussions were held to tackle illicit activities related to Metaverse technologies, aiming to provide recommendations and insights on addressing these challenges.
6. FinMin asked to consider imposing customs duty on Chinese stainless steel
Topic: GS3 – Indian economy.
Context:
- The Ministry of Steel has requested the Finance Ministry to consider imposing customs duty on Chinese stainless steel shipments entering India.
Why in the news?
- The domestic stainless steel industry has been significantly affected by imports from China, leading to low capacity utilization.
- Chinese stainless steel imports have increased from approximately 20% to around 60% of overall imports into India.
- The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) had recommended the continuation of customs duty on stainless steel imports from China in its sunset clause review.
- In Budget 2022-23, countervailing duties on certain hot-rolled and cold-rolled stainless steel flat products from China were revoked, exacerbating the challenges faced by the domestic stainless steel industry.
- Stainless steel imports from China increased by over 300% from 1,57,000 tonnes in 2020-21 to 6,32,000 tonnes in 2022-23, adversely impacting the domestic industry.
Impact of Chinese steel imports on Indian manufacturers:
- Price competition: Chinese steel imports often enter the Indian market at lower prices compared to domestically produced steel. This creates intense price competition for Indian manufacturers, forcing them to lower their prices to remain competitive.
- Market share erosion: The surge in Chinese steel imports has led to a decline in the market share of Indian steel manufacturers. Domestic manufacturers are facing challenges in maintaining their market position due to the cheaper alternatives available from China.
- Overcapacity concerns: China has a massive steel production capacity, which has led to overcapacity in the global steel market. Excess Chinese steel production finds its way to various countries, including India, exacerbating the problem of overcapacity and putting pressure on domestic manufacturers.
- Dumping concerns: There have been allegations of Chinese steel being dumped into the Indian market, where it is sold at prices below its production cost. This unfair trade practice undermines the competitiveness of Indian manufacturers and poses a threat to the domestic steel industry.
- Quality issues: Another concern with Chinese steel imports is the quality of the products. There have been instances of substandard and non-compliant steel imports from China, which not only affect the reputation of Indian manufacturers but also pose safety risks in infrastructure and construction projects.
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