Daily Current Affairs

19-September-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.

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1) Karnataka’s Hoysala Temples on UNESCO World Heritage List

Topic: Prelims, GS1-art and culture

Context:

• The sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas, which includes three temples in Karnataka, has been inscribed on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
• The Hoysala Temples, as they are also known, will be India’s 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site.

About Hoysala Temples:

• The Hoysala Temples, built in the 12th and13 centuries by the Hoysala kings, are dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu.
• The three temples include:
  • The Chennakeshava temple, the main temple in the complex at Belur (Hassan district), located at the centre of the traditional settlement which is surrounded by the remnants of a mud fort and a moat;
  • The Hoysaleswara Temple on the banks of Dwarasamudra tank in Halebidu (Hassan district), a town which has many protected and unprotected temples, archaeological ruins and mounds;
  • The Keshava Temple at the centre of Somanathapura village (Mysore district).

Main features of Hoysala architecture:

• Mandapa, is a common feature of Hoysala architecture. It is the prayer hall that is entered through an intricately designed lintel known as the ‘makaratorana.’
• This open space is supported by several pillars.
• The stone latticework is also a recurrent feature of Hoysala sculptures.
• The pillars of the Hoysala temples have four brackets at the top and are further decorated with ornamented carvings.
• The vimanams are the place where the principal deity resides. The shapes of these vimanams are either stellate (star shaped) or staggered square.
• The Salabhanjika is a common feature of Hoysala sculpture.
• The pillar images known as ‘sthamba buttalikas’ show the influence of the Chola art and architecture.
• The temple walls of the Hoysala Empire are speckled with events from Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata.
• The Hoysala sculpture is erotica. The nooks and niches of the temple walls have been filled with erotic themes.

2) Island of Lampedusa

Topic: Prelims

Context:

• The Italian government, struggling with a surge in migrant arrivals, will pass measures to lengthen the time migrants can be held and to ensure more people who have no right to stay are repatriated.

Details:

• The move comes after almost 10,000 migrants reached the southern Italian island of Lampedusa last week, dealing a blow to the credibility of Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who won office last year vowing to curb illegal immigration.

About Lampedusa

• Lampedusa, which is closer to North Africa than the Italian mainland, has long been targeted by people smugglers.
• With Tunisia now the main launching pad for Europe,the island today is receiving around 70% of all migrants arriving in Italy.
• The boats arriving in Lampedusa from Tunisia are citizens of various African nations, including Ivory Coast, Guinea, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Mali and Tunisians. 
• There is also a growing number of people from neighboring Libya. These include citizens of Egypt, Eritrea and Sudan, where the ongoing conflict between rival military leaders has already displaced more than 4 million people.
• The socio-economic situation in Tunisia is spiraling with high inflation and a lack of jobs, crippling both Tunisians and foreigners living there. 

3) London’s India Club

Topic: History

Context:

• London’s India Club, a rest stop for Indians in the United Kingdom during the independence movement, is set to close down permanently after decades of operations.

About the Club:

• The restaurant served Indian food items and also functioned as a lounging club where those associated with India in the UK would often meet.
• The club is located in London.
• It was started in 1951 by the India League, a British organisation that started out as an advocate for Indian independence and self-rule (swaraj).
• It included members of the elite in the British society.
• Later on, it hoped to play a role in furthering Indo-British friendship in the post-independence era.
• The India Club then quickly became a base for groups like the league, which were serving the Asian community, such as:
  • The Indian Journalist Association,
  • Indian Workers Association
  • Indian Socialist Group of Britain
• The building was also a base for the new wings of the India League which ran a free legal advice bureau and a research and study unit from this address.

4) Women’s Reservation Bill

Topic: GS2-Polity

Context:

• The Union Cabinet on Monday approved the women’s reservation bill.
• There was demand in both Houses that the Women’s Reservation Bill should be passed by Parliament.
• The bill guarantees a 33 per cent quota for women in Lok Sabha and state assemblies.

Details:

• According to the bill or the Constitution (One Hundred and Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2008, one-third of the total number of seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall be reserved for women of those groups in the Lok Sabha and the legislative assemblies.

Main points:  

• Reserved seats may be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in the state or union territory.
• Reservation of seats for women shall cease to exist 15 years after the commencement of this Amendment Act.
• The bill was first introduced in 1996 and was referred to a Joint Parliamentary Committee. However, it lapsed with the dissolution of the Lok Sabha and had to be reintroduced. It was introduced multiple times and faced lapses in 1998 and 1999.
• In 2010, the bill was passed in the Rajya Sabha and lapsed in the Lok Sabha. Since then, it has been pending and reservations for women in Parliament are yet to be implemented.

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