Answer:  Option C - Study of the Sun’s corona

Explanation:

• The Proba-3 mission, led by the European Space Agency, aims to study the Sun’s corona, the outermost layer of its atmosphere.
• By employing a unique mechanism where two satellites operate in tandem—one blocking the Sun to simulate an eclipse—this mission will enhance our understanding of solar phenomena.
• This research is crucial for comprehending solar activity, which can impact space weather and, consequently, satellite operations and communication systems on Earth.

Answer:  Option B - Monitoring land and ice movements

Explanation:

• The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) mission is a collaborative effort between NASA and ISRO aimed at monitoring land and ice movements on Earth.
• This advanced Earth observation satellite will provide crucial data for understanding climate change, natural disasters, and ecosystem dynamics.
• By utilizing synthetic aperture radar technology, NISAR will enable high-resolution imaging, enhancing our ability to track changes in the Earth's surface and contribute to scientific research and disaster management efforts.

Answer:  Option A - Slow retrograde rotation

Explanation:

• Venus is known for its slow retrograde rotation, meaning it spins on its axis in the opposite direction to its orbit around the Sun.
• This unique rotation results in a day on Venus lasting longer than its year.
• Additionally, Venus has a thick atmosphere primarily composed of carbon dioxide, contributing to its extreme greenhouse effect and high surface temperatures.
• Unlike Earth, Venus does not have liquid water, and it lacks a moon system.

Answer:  Option C - Japan

Explanation:

• The Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) is a collaborative effort between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Japan aimed at exploring the lunar poles, particularly the south pole region.
• This mission focuses on analyzing lunar resources that could support future human exploration.
• ISRO's role includes developing a new lander variant, which will enhance capabilities for potential crewed missions.

Answer:  Option B - Soorya

Explanation:

• The Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), also known as "Soorya," is being developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as a three-stage, partially reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle.
• This advanced launch system aims to enhance India's capabilities in space exploration and satellite deployment.
• With a focus on cost-effectiveness and reusability, the NGLV represents a significant step forward in India's space technology and aims to meet the increasing demands for satellite launches.