12 June 2023 : Indian Express
Indian Express
12-June-2023
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1. The American hand
Syllabus – GS III
Green Revolution
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In India, the green revolution was launched under the guidance of geneticist Dr M. S. Swaminathan.
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The Green Revolution began in the 1960s; at that time, agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system by adopting technology, such as using high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, irrigation facilities, pesticides, mechanized farm tools and fertilizers.
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Primary aim: The green revolution aimed to introduce high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of cereals to alleviate poverty and malnutrition.
The Green Revolution’s seeds
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Traditional wheat and rice varieties were tall and slender. They grew vertically on applying fertilizers and water while “lodging” (bending over or falling) when their ear-heads were heavy with well-filled grains. The Green Revolution entailed breeding semi-dwarf varieties with strong stems that didn’t lodge. These could “tolerate” high fertilizer application. The more the inputs (nutrients and water), the more the output (grain) is produced.
Why did the USA help India?
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The answer lies in those times’ Cold War geopolitics and great-power rivalry. It resulted in competition to do good, extending to “fighting world hunger” and sharing knowledge and plant genetic material viewed as “global public goods”.
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Contrary to popular perception, India wasn’t aligned to either bloc until the sixties. The strategy of “non-alignment” paid off then, just as “multi-alignment” is today.
2. Russia and India celebrate 30 years of signing the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation.
Syllabus – GSII
Recent Context – Celebrating Russia Day on June 12
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The day celebrates the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) on June 12 1990. The passage of this Declaration marked the beginning of constitutional reform in the Russian Soviet state.
India and Russia
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India and Russia have completed 30 years of signing the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. The treaty signed on January 28, 1993, marked the beginning of a new phase in the development of Russia-India ties.
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The principles embodied in it are the basis of the traditionally close cooperation between the two nations.
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The cooperation between Russia and India in the military-technical sphere remains enormous. The production of T-90 tanks, Su-30MKI fighter jets, AK-203 assault rifles in India and other joint projects are in full compliance with the ‘Make in India’ programme. Not to mention the flagship joint venture on the BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles.
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Space, scientific and technological cooperation remain a priority of Russia and India. The two nations enhance collaboration in the areas of quantum and biotechnology, artificial intelligence, fundamental and applied physics and medical science.
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When Russian President visited to India in December 2010, the Strategic Partnership was levelled up to “Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership”.
3. POTENTIAL ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF UKRAINE’S KAKHOVKA DAM COLLAPSE
Syllabus – GSII, III
Recent Context – The collapse of Ukraine’s Kakhovka dam, for which Kyiv and Moscow have blamed each other, has brought widespread destruction and loss of lives.
Floods and destruction
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Animals are most vulnerable to the fast-moving water, as rescue efforts are focused mainly on people.
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One of the major impacts will be felt by the fish population. Downstream, the flooding will also impact territorial flora and fauna. The rise in water will increase soil salinity, making it unfit for vegetation. The pollutants are likely to cause microbes and algae to spread over the water’s surface. This could lead to increased diseases, with the most common being diarrhoea or skin infection.
Impact on agriculture
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The flooding is likely to make arable lands unfit for agriculture for years due to increased salinity in the soil and contamination of irrigation canals.
4. Supersonic BRAHMOS: Fortifying India’s Global Stature
Syllabus – GSIII
Recent Context – Celebrating Russia Day
Brahmos
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The BrahMos is a medium-range Ramjet Supersonic Cruise Missile which can be launched from submarines, ships, aeroplanes or land. The BrahMos is notably the fastest supersonic cruise missile in the world.
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Termed as India’s ‘Brahmastra’ in the 21st century, BRAHMOS has established itself as a world-class system, having incredible versatility to be deployed across land, ship, submarine and air platforms.
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India’s DRDO and Russia’s NPOM – have set the finest benchmark for indigenous design, development, manufacturing and delivery of an unparalleled modern combat system to the Armed Forces of India.
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The impeccable ‘speed-precision-powerstealth-versatility’ matrix of BRAHMOS, along with its divergent configurations having land-to-land, land-to-sea,, sea-to-land, sea-to-sea, air-to-land and air-to-sea strike capability, has made it an indispensable combat asset for modern, network-centric warfields.
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First export contract with the Republic of Philippines to deliver shore-based BRAHMOS anti-ship missile batteries to the armed Forces of Philippines.
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From ‘concept-to-market’ – supersonic BRAHMOS has fortified India’s global military stature and established the Nation as the manufacturer and exporter of a very high-end, cost-effective precision weapon.
For Enquiry
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