23 June 2023 : Indian Express

Indian Express

23-June-2023

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1. Deals closed, doors open

Syllabus – GS II, GS III

Recent Context – Prime Minister Narendra Modi walks into the White House after a State Arrival Ceremony.

US President Joe Biden and Prime Minister Narendra Modi underlined the new strategic areas of cooperation— from semiconductor supply to sharing critical and emerging technologies.

India to join space Artemis Accords

• It is an international law that binds together all the signatory countries who appear as Artemis Accords members after that.

• The Artemis Accords is a formal agreement among different nations that ensures that any research activity conducted in outer space shall benefit the entire human race and not harm the interests of other countries.

• The founding members of the Artemis Accords are Australia, Canada, Japan, Italy, Luxembourg, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the US.

• As more countries establish a presence in outer space via research stations, satellites, or even rocket launchers, these accords provide a set of principles to create a safe and transparent environment that inspires exploration, science, and commercial activities.

Areas of cooperation

• The decision taken by General Electric to manufacture (jet) engines in India through the transfer of technology opens up new job opportunities in both countries.

• Doubling down on cooperation to secure semiconductors in semiconductor supply chains, advancing open RAN telecommunications networks, and growing Major Defence Partnership with more joint exercises, more cooperation between defence industries, and more consultation and coordination across all domains.

• To create reliable, secure and resilient global supply chains and value chains.

• Several regional and global issues. Peace and security in the Indo-Pacific is the common priority.

• Areas of space artificial intelligence under the India-United States Defence Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUSX).

Inside PM’s Gift Box

• Ajya daan: Ghee sourced from Punjab

• Bhudaan: A piece of sandalwood from Mysuru

• Dhaanyadaan: Long-grained rice from Uttarakhand

• Gaudaan: A silver coconut from West Bengal

• Hiranyadaan: A gold coin crafted in Rajasthan

• Lavandaan: Lavan or salt from Gujarat

• Raupyadaan: A silver coin from Rajasthan

• Tildaan: Til or white sesame seeds from TN

• Guddaan: Jaggery from Maharashtra

• Vastradaan: Handwoven tussar silk from Jharkhand

2. Russia distances itself from G20 tourism meet’s final outcome

Syllabus – GS III

Recent Context – Russia has dissociated itself from the G20 Tourism ministerial meeting’s outcome document.

Highlights of the meeting

• The G20 tourism ministers reaffirmed the importance of working towards the full recovery of tourism from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and advancing the role of tourism in accelerating the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

• China, which didn’t send its representation to the last tourism working group meeting in Srinagar (along with Turkey and Saudi Arabia), also didn’t attend this meeting.

• The ministers unanimously supported the five tourism priority areas identified by India’s G20 Presidency — Green Tourism, Digitalisation, Skills, Tourism MSMEs, and Destination Management.

• They also committed to advancing gender equality and women empowerment through tourism policies and initiatives.

• Russia disassociated itself from the status of this document as a common outcome because of references to para 4 and 5. The two paragraphs were taken from the Bali Declaration issued by G20 leaders, which called for an immediate end to the Ukraine conflict.

• More than 12 tourism ministers, including those from the UK, South Africa, UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Mauritius, attended the G20 tourism ministerial meet in Goa.

G20

• G20, or the Group of 20, is a forum for the world’s 20 largest economies. It was established in 1999 in response to the Asian financial crisis.

• The G20 meets annually to discuss global economic and financial issues.

• India has used the G20 to promote its economic interests, such as securing market access for its goods and services.

• G20 countries represent around 80% of the global GDP and two-thirds of the world’s population. 

3. Uniform rights, not laws

Syllabus – GS II

Recent Context – The 22^nd Law Commission of India has decided to solicit the views of the public and recognised religious organisations about the Uniform Civil Code (UCC).

Commission’s Views

• The 21^st Law Commission, headed by former Supreme Court judge Balbir Singh Chauhan, held that the “formulation of a Uniform Civil Code is neither necessary nor desirable at this stage’’.

• The Commission had commented, “Mere existence of difference does not imply discrimination, but is indicative of a robust democracy”. It had noted that most countries are moving towards the recognition of difference in place of legal provisions founded on uniformity between culturally diverse people— these are unfair to the weaker and vulnerable sections.

• It underlined that rather than enacting a UCC, family laws of every religion must be reformed to make them gender-just. It talked about the uniformity of rights, not laws.

• The Commission’s consultation paper emphasised that the celebration of diversity must not disadvantage specific groups and “women must be guaranteed their freedom of faith without any compromise on their right to equality”.

• The Law Commission refrained from making any recommendations on triple talaq, Muslim bigamy or the constitutional validity of adultery under Section 497 of the IPC since these issues were before either the Supreme Court or Parliament.

• The most significant of the 21^st Law Commission’s recommendations were about the economic rights of women.

• The Commission criticised the Hindu coparcenary system—the Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) property. Its report commented that this system was being used only for tax evasion. It recommended the abolition of the Hindu coparcenary system.

• It suggested codifying the Muslim law of inheritance and succession and bringing in uniform succession provisions for the Shias and Sunnis.

• The Law Commission recommended that all property acquired after marriage must be divided between the two parties after the dissolution of a marriage.

• The report also had several recommendations regarding the rights of Parsi and Christian women and those married under the Special Marriage Act.

Issue

• The government has not followed up on any of its recommendations in the five years since the 21st Law Commission submitted its report.

Uniform Civil Code

• The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) calls for the formulation of one law for India, which would be applicable to all religious communities in matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption.

• It dates back to colonial India when the British government submitted its report in 1835 stressing the need for uniformity in the codification of Indian law relating to crimes, evidence, and contracts, specifically recommending that personal laws of Hindus and Muslims be kept outside such codification.

• An increase in legislation dealing with personal issues at the far end of British rule forced the government to form the B N Rau Committee to codify Hindu law in 1941. 

Constitutional Provisions

• Article 44: The “State shall endeavour to provide for its citizens a uniform civil code (UCC) throughout the territory of India.”

• Article 37: The “state shall endeavour by suitable legislation”, while the phrase “by suitable legislation” is absent in Article 44.

4. SUMMER SOLSTICE

Syllabus – GS I

Recent Context – June 21 marks the summer solstice, the year’s longest day.

Summer Solstice

• The longest day of the year, north of the Equator, is June 21. The day is referred to as the summer solstice, and it occurs when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer, or more specifically, right over 23.5 degrees north latitude.

• Since Earth rotates on its axis, the Northern Hemisphere gets more direct sunlight between March and September. The rest of the year, the Southern Hemisphere receives more sunlight.

• During the solstice, the Earth’s axis— around which the planet spins, completing one turn each day— is tilted in a way that the North Pole is tipped towards the Sun, and the South Pole is away from it.

• Solstice means “sun stands still” in Latin.

• The maximum amount of sunlight received by the Northern Hemisphere during this time is usually on June 20, 21 or 22. In contrast, the Southern Hemisphere receives most sunlight on December 21, 22 or 23, when the northern hemisphere has its longest nights— or the winter solstice.

• The amount of light received by a specific area in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer solstice depends on the latitudinal location of the place. The further north one moves from the equator, the more light one receives.

5. Inflation down, not (all) prices

Syllabus – GS III

Recent Context – The headline retail inflation rate fell to a 25-month low in May. But the inflation rate has remained high in several food and household items categories.

Reasons

• A high base effect (the impact of the corresponding base or period of the previous year on current growth estimates) has helped ease the headline number.

• A high base also helped in a sharp decline in the WPI-linked inflation rate.

Which items have displayed high inflation rates?

• In the ‘food and beverages’ category, which carries a weight of 54.18% in the Consumer Price Index (Combined), ‘cereals and products’ have remained in double digits since September 2022.

• The ‘milk and products’ category, too, has seen an inflation rate of more than 7%.

• The inflation rate has also been sticky in ‘spices’ and ‘prepared meals, snacks, and sweets.

• Prepared meals, snacks, and sweets, too, have recorded a 6%-plus inflation rate in the last one year.

• Education, which has a weight of 3.46% in the index, has seen inflation above 5%.

• Non-food items.

Where has inflation recorded a downward trend?

• Meat and fish

• Oil and fats

• Fruits and vegetables

Inflation risks ahead

• Concerns remain over the potential impact of a poor monsoon on food inflation in the second half of this fiscal.

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