26 September 2024 : PIB Summary For UPSC

1. DRDO & IIT Delhi develop ABHED Light Weight Bullet Proof Jackets

(Source – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2058645&reg=3&lang=1 )

Context

The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and IIT Delhi have developed lightweight bulletproof jackets named ABHED, utilising advanced materials to meet high threat levels. These jackets are designed for enhanced protection while ensuring compliance with the Indian Army’s weight specifications.

ABHED Bulletproof Jackets:

• The jackets are made from polymers and indigenous boron carbide ceramic material.
• Their design is based on the characterization of various materials at high strain rates, with advanced modelling and simulation techniques.
• The jackets pass all necessary R&D trials and meet the highest threat levels while being lighter than the stipulated maximum weight limits for the Indian Army.
• Weighing between 8.2 kg and 9.5 kg, the jackets provide 360° protection with modular designs featuring front and rear armors.
• Technology transfer for production has been arranged with three Indian industries.

2. Astronomers map the Differential Rotation of the Sun’s Chromosphere using 100 Years of Kodaikanal Data

(Source – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2058531&reg=3&lang=1 )

Context

Astronomers have successfully mapped the variation in the Sun’s chromosphere rotation speed using 100 years of data from the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory. This groundbreaking research enhances understanding of the Sun’s differential rotation and its implications for solar dynamics and magnetic activity.

Analysis of the news:

• The study focused on differential rotation, where the Sun’s equator rotates faster than its poles.
• The equatorial region completes a rotation in about 25 days, while the poles take about 35 days.
• Solar plages and networks, features present throughout the solar cycle, were analysed to measure rotation rates.
• Data was extracted from images taken at a specific wavelength, showcasing the lower and middle chromosphere.
• The analysis revealed rotation speeds of 13.98 degrees per day at the equator and 10.5 degrees per day near the poles.
• The findings enhance understanding of the Sun’s magnetic field and activity, contributing to solar research.

Variation in the Sun’s chromosphere rotation speed:

The variation in the Sun’s chromosphere rotation speed is mainly due to differential rotation, where different parts of the Sun spin at different rates. The equator rotates faster because of the Sun’s gaseous nature, allowing it to move more freely. Additionally, the Sun’s magnetic field affects the flow of plasma, causing variations in speed. This leads to complex interactions between magnetic forces and the hot plasma, resulting in the slower rotation at higher latitudes compared to the equator.