10 February 2024 : The Hindu Editorial Notes PDF
The Hindu Editorial
10-February-2024
1. The decline of America’s leadership
| Topic: GS2 – International Relations – Effect of policies and politics of developed countries on India’s interests
Critical for UPSC as it covers geopolitics, U.S.-China competition, global shifts, and India’s strategic considerations, crucial in international relations. |
| Context |
|
- American Strengths and Contradictory Views:
- Former Foreign Secretary Krishnan Srinivasan highlights America’s strengths in values, military power, global financial influence, and technology leadership.
- Pro-American lobby in India supports closer engagement, dismissing arguments about diminishing U.S. influence.
- Contradictory views from experts like Ian Bremmer, Laura Kuenssberg, and Andrew Whitehead, suggesting internal divisions and challenges to U.S. influence.
- Concerns about U.S. Dysfunction:
- Experts express concerns about the U.S.’s divided and dysfunctional state, challenges to democracy, and potential for authoritarianism.
- Setbacks in international politics contribute to a shifting balance of power away from Western values.
- Economic Realities and China’s Rise:
- Niall Ferguson notes China’s larger economy in purchasing power parity and emphasizes American challenges in various areas.
- American problems include illegal immigration, deficits, rule of law, education, public health, new technologies, and a rising national debt.
- Evolution of the Rules-Based International System:
- Post-World War II, the U.S. shaped a power-based international system, challenging the concept of a truly rules-based order.
- American wars in Afghanistan and Iraq eroded credibility, and U.S. military bases globally raise questions about interference in other countries’ affairs.
- Polarization and Legitimacy Crisis:
- US. withdrawal from international agreements contributes to global polarization.
- Domestic polarization hinders cooperation in the two-party system, impacting U.S. influence.
- Legitimacy is essential for geopolitical dominance, and the U.S. faces challenges to its institutions and leadership.
- Shifts in Power Dynamics:
- China and Russia challenge Western democratic values and seek to reshape the international system through trade, pressure, and diasporic ties.
- Western liberalism faces criticism in Asia and Africa, seen as neo-imperialistic or arrogantly insensitive.
- BRICS’ policies hint at a potential contest between local currencies and the dollar.
- U.S.-China Competition:
- Central global issue revolves around U.S.-China security and economic competition.
- China projects power using traditional and non-traditional techniques, excelling in high technology and geo-engineering.
- S. lags behind in Artificial Intelligence leadership compared to China and the European Union.
- India’s Position and Strategy:
- Regardless of whether the S. remains the “indispensable nation,” India should develop an advantageous relationship with America.
- India must consider U.S. deficiencies and navigate geopolitical challenges while fostering ties with the evolving global order.
- Conclusion:
- In conclusion, the article highlights the evolving global landscape, questioning the U.S.’s dominance amid internal challenges and the ascendancy of China and Russia.
- It underscores India’s imperative to navigate these shifts strategically while engaging with the United States.
| PYQ: “The USA is facing an Existential threat in the form of a China that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain. (150 words/10m) (UPSC CSE (M) GS-2 2021) |
| Practice Question: How do evolving global power dynamics, challenges to U.S. influence, and the U.S.-China competition impact India’s strategic choices? Discuss. (150 words/10 m) |
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