15 June 2023 : The Hindu Editorial

The Hindu Editorial

15-June-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The Hindu Editorial Summary

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1. The next Finance Commission will have a tough task.

Topic: GS2 – Indian polity.

Context:

• • • The government plans to appoint a Finance Commission to determine the distribution of tax revenue between the Centre and the States.

Issue:

Horizontal distribution:

• • • The Finance Commission’s role has become more critical since the abolition of the Planning Commission and the reduction in PSU investments.

    • The horizontal distribution formula, which determines how the revenue is shared among the States, will be a significant issue of debate.

    • The previous Finance Commission faced controversy when it used 2011 population figures instead of 1971 figures to determine expenditure needs, leading to protests from states that had successfully controlled population growth.

    • The allocation of revenue deficit grants by the Finance Commission has also been criticized, as it can create perverse incentives for states to rely on compensation rather than raising their own revenues.

    • The horizontal distribution formula has been criticized for being inefficient or unfair, and the divide between states has deepened along political, economic, and fiscal lines.

Cesses-surcharges and freebies:

• • • The Finance Commission should focus on two specific issues: the increasing use of cesses and surcharges by the Centre instead of raising taxes, and the government’s spending on “freebies.”

    • The Commission should provide guidelines for when cesses and surcharges can be levied and suggest a cap on the amount raised through these means.

    • It should also address the issue of government spending on populist measures, known as freebies, to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability.

    • The statements about bankruptcies caused by unrealistic guarantees in the Karnataka election should be followed up with action to restrain freebies and promote good governance.

    • By doing so, the government will empower the Finance Commission to formalize mechanisms for restraining freebies and promoting fiscal responsibility.

2. Inflation should not be allowed to erode the purchasing power of the poor

Topic: GS2 – Indian Economy.

Context:

• • • Retail inflation in May was at a 25-month low of 4.25%.

    • Year-on-year price gains in May 2022, which exceeded 7%, contributed to the deceleration in inflation.

Issue:

• • • Food items played a significant role in the deceleration of inflation, with inflation in the food category slowing by 93 basis points to 2.91%.

    • Oils and fats experienced a 16% deflation, contributing to the easing of food prices.

    • Deflation in the cereals and products category, which has a significant weight in the CPI, also helped in the moderation of inflation.

    • However, within the food and beverages group, several sub-groups witnessed sequential increases in price levels, indicating risks in reading too much into the year-on-year moderation.Vegetables, milk and dairy products, and pulses experienced appreciable price increases from the previous month.

    • Vegetable prices had a sequential inflation rate of 3.35% in May, almost twice the rate in April.

    • Milk and pulses also saw increases in both year-on-year and sequential inflation rates.

    • The Centre imposed limits on the holding of stocks of urad and tur (types of lentils) due to rising dal prices and the upcoming State elections.

    • Consumers’ perception of current inflation and inflation expectations for the next three months and year ahead remain high, posing a challenge for policymakers to manage inflation and maintain purchasing power and savings.

3. Male-centric medicine is affecting women’s health

Topic: GS3 – Health sector.

Context:

• • • Gender disparities in clinical trials and medicine persist despite efforts to include women and minorities.

Issue:

• • • Women’s bodies respond differently to generic drugs, leading to potential overdosing or inadequate dosage.

    • Women face underrepresentation and disparities in testing, diagnosis, and treatment, particularly in mental health and cardiac issues.

    • Limited understanding of sex-specific symptoms and responses to treatment exists due to the exclusion of women from research on critical illnesses.

    • Women’s health issues, such as reproductive health, experience neglect and lack of research funding.

    • A more equitable approach is needed, treating women as a distinct category and allocating resources and time accordingly.

    • India should prioritize sex-specific research in medicine and implement policies to address women’s health issues, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals.

4. Strengthening the ICDS Scheme

Topic: GS3 – Health sector.

Context:

• • • India’s high prevalence of stunting, wasting, and anemia poses public health risks for children and women.

    • The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a social sector scheme that targets children aged 0-6 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers to address malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality.

Issue:

• • • Empirical research shows that early-life poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate stimulation can have long-term cognitive and economic impacts.

    • Studies demonstrate the positive impact of ICDS on cognitive achievements and educational outcomes, particularly among girls and economically disadvantaged families.

    • Empowering Anganwadi workers, who play a crucial role in implementing ICDS, is a significant step to fortify the program.

    • Adding an additional Anganwadi worker to each center can lead to better health and educational outcomes, reduced rates of stunting and severe malnutrition, and create job opportunities for local women.

    • The cost of nationwide implementation is relatively insignificant compared to the potential long-term benefits.

    • Investments in training programs, infrastructure improvement, and addressing regional disparities in implementation are necessary to unlock the full potential of ICDS.

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